molecular function |
| GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0046332 | | SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein. |
| GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| GO:0004674 | | protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0004702 | | signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine kinase activity | | Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
| GO:0005025 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I | | Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals. |
| GO:0005024 | | transforming growth factor beta-activated receptor activity | | Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0004675 | | transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
biological process |
| GO:0030509 | | BMP signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0043010 | | camera-type eye development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. |
| GO:0001502 | | cartilage condensation | | The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes. |
| GO:0051216 | | cartilage development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| GO:0030154 | | cell differentiation | | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. |
| GO:0071773 | | cellular response to BMP stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus. |
| GO:0071363 | | cellular response to growth factor stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
| GO:0002063 | | chondrocyte development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. |
| GO:0002062 | | chondrocyte differentiation | | The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| GO:0009953 | | dorsal/ventral pattern formation | | The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. |
| GO:0060350 | | endochondral bone morphogenesis | | The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. |
| GO:0006703 | | estrogen biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants. |
| GO:0001654 | | eye development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. |
| GO:0006954 | | inflammatory response | | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0035108 | | limb morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping. |
| GO:1902731 | | negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| GO:0001550 | | ovarian cumulus expansion | | Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells. |
| GO:0042698 | | ovulation cycle | | The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. |
| GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| GO:0030501 | | positive regulation of bone mineralization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. |
| GO:0061036 | | positive regulation of cartilage development | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| GO:0045597 | | positive regulation of cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. |
| GO:0032332 | | positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. |
| GO:1902043 | | positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. |
| GO:0045669 | | positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0030166 | | proteoglycan biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. |
| GO:0060041 | | retina development in camera-type eye | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. |
| GO:0031290 | | retinal ganglion cell axon guidance | | The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| GO:0023014 | | signal transduction by protein phosphorylation | | A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate. |
| GO:0001501 | | skeletal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). |
| GO:0007179 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0007178 | | transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
cellular component |
| GO:0030425 | | dendrite | | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. |
| GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0043025 | | neuronal cell body | | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |