| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0005545 | | 1-phosphatidylinositol binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. |
| | GO:0000149 | | SNARE binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein. |
| | GO:0005509 | | calcium ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+). |
| | GO:0005544 | | calcium-dependent phospholipid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium. |
| | GO:0048306 | | calcium-dependent protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in the presence of calcium. |
| | GO:0005516 | | calmodulin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states. |
| | GO:0030276 | | clathrin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles. |
| | GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| | GO:0050750 | | low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein receptor. |
| | GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| | GO:0005546 | | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions. |
| | GO:0001786 | | phosphatidylserine binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. |
| | GO:0005543 | | phospholipid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. |
| | GO:0008022 | | protein C-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0019905 | | syntaxin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse. |
| | GO:0017075 | | syntaxin-1 binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the SNAP receptor syntaxin-1. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0007420 | | brain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| | GO:0048791 | | calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter | | The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels. |
| | GO:0030154 | | cell differentiation | | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. |
| | GO:0071277 | | cellular response to calcium ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. |
| | GO:0007268 | | chemical synaptic transmission | | The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. |
| | GO:0005513 | | detection of calcium ion | | The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. |
| | GO:0098746 | | fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter | | The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release. |
| | GO:0014047 | | glutamate secretion | | The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. |
| | GO:0007269 | | neurotransmitter secretion | | The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium regualated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. |
| | GO:0045956 | | positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis. |
| | GO:1903861 | | positive regulation of dendrite extension | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension. |
| | GO:0050806 | | positive regulation of synaptic transmission | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. |
| | GO:0031340 | | positive regulation of vesicle fusion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. |
| | GO:0051260 | | protein homooligomerization | | The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. |
| | GO:0017158 | | regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis. |
| | GO:0017157 | | regulation of exocytosis | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. |
| | GO:1903305 | | regulation of regulated secretory pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway. |
| | GO:0051966 | | regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. |
| | GO:0051592 | | response to calcium ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. |
| | GO:0048488 | | synaptic vesicle endocytosis | | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of presynaptic membrane that recycles synaptic vesicle membrane and its components following synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This process starts with coating of the membrane with adaptor proteins and clathrin prior to invagination and ends when uncoating has finished. |
| | GO:0016079 | | synaptic vesicle exocytosis | | Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. |
| | GO:0048278 | | vesicle docking | | The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere. |
| | GO:0006906 | | vesicle fusion | | Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0005794 | | Golgi apparatus | | A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. |
| | GO:0031201 | | SNARE complex | | A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25. |
| | GO:0030054 | | cell junction | | A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix. |
| | GO:0042584 | | chromaffin granule membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| | GO:0060201 | | clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle. |
| | GO:0061202 | | clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle. |
| | GO:0060203 | | clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle. |
| | GO:0070083 | | clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0031410 | | cytoplasmic vesicle | | A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0031045 | | dense core granule | | Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted. |
| | GO:0060076 | | excitatory synapse | | A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell. |
| | GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| | GO:0043229 | | intracellular organelle | | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
| | GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| | GO:0043005 | | neuron projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| | GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0042734 | | presynaptic membrane | | A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane. |
| | GO:0030141 | | secretory granule | | A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. |
| | GO:0045202 | | synapse | | The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
| | GO:0008021 | | synaptic vesicle | | A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. |
| | GO:0030672 | | synaptic vesicle membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle. |
| | GO:0043195 | | terminal bouton | | Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it. |
| | GO:0030658 | | transport vesicle membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle. |
Description
