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(-) Description

Title :  HUMAN GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE
 
Authors :  G. Polekhina, P. Board, J. Rossjohn, M. W. Parker
Date :  04 Jan 99  (Deposition) - 22 Jun 99  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.10
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (2x)
Keywords :  Amine/Carboxylate Ligase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  G. Polekhina, P. G. Board, R. R. Gali, J. Rossjohn, M. W. Parker
Molecular Basis Of Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency And A Rare Gene Permutation Event.
Embo J. V. 18 3204 1999
PubMed-ID: 10369661  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1093/EMBOJ/18.12.3204
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PROTEIN (GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE)
    ChainsA
    EC Number6.3.2.3
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPRG1
    Expression System StrainTG1
    Expression System Taxid562
    OrganBRAIN
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    Other DetailsCDNA

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric Unit A
Biological Unit 1 (2x)A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (4, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 6)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1ADP1Ligand/IonADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
2GSH1Ligand/IonGLUTATHIONE
3MG2Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4SO42Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 1 (3, 8)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1ADP2Ligand/IonADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
2GSH2Ligand/IonGLUTATHIONE
3MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4SO44Ligand/IonSULFATE ION

(-) Sites  (6, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 6)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREGLU A:144 , ASN A:146 , GLU A:368 , ADP A:500 , MG A:502 , SO4 A:505BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG A 501
2AC2SOFTWAREGLU A:144 , ADP A:500 , MG A:501 , SO4 A:505 , HOH A:622 , HOH A:735BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG A 502
3AC3SOFTWARELYS A:384 , LEU A:410 , ARG A:412 , ARG A:418 , ALA A:453 , HIS A:456 , HOH A:512 , HOH A:552 , HOH A:640 , HOH A:642BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 504
4AC4SOFTWAREARG A:125 , GLU A:144 , ASN A:146 , GLU A:368 , GLY A:369 , ARG A:450 , ADP A:500 , MG A:501 , MG A:502 , GSH A:503 , HOH A:622 , HOH A:623BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 505
5AC5SOFTWAREILE A:143 , GLU A:144 , LYS A:305 , LYS A:364 , GLU A:368 , GLY A:369 , GLY A:370 , ASN A:373 , TYR A:375 , MET A:398 , GLU A:399 , LYS A:400 , ILE A:401 , GLU A:425 , LYS A:452 , ALA A:457 , ASP A:458 , GLY A:459 , MG A:501 , MG A:502 , SO4 A:505 , HOH A:510 , HOH A:528 , HOH A:621 , HOH A:622 , HOH A:623 , HOH A:625BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ADP A 500
6AC6SOFTWAREARG A:125 , ILE A:148 , SER A:149 , ALA A:150 , SER A:151 , PHE A:152 , GLU A:214 , ASN A:216 , GLN A:220 , ARG A:267 , TYR A:270 , ARG A:450 , GLY A:460 , VAL A:461 , ALA A:462 , SO4 A:505 , HOH A:520 , HOH A:557BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GSH A 503

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2HGS)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Cys A:294 -Pro A:295

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (16, 16)

Asymmetric Unit (16, 16)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_003602A26DGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)759253242AA26D
02UniProtVAR_003603L188PGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL188P
03UniProtVAR_003604D219AGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AD219A
04UniProtVAR_003605D219GGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)28938472AD219G
05UniProtVAR_025047R236QGSHB_HUMANPolymorphism34239729AR236Q
06UniProtVAR_003606L254RGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL254R
07UniProtVAR_003607R267WGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)121909308AR267W
08UniProtVAR_003608Y270CGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AY270C
09UniProtVAR_003609Y270HGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AY270H
10UniProtVAR_003610R283CGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)121909309AR283C
11UniProtVAR_003611L286QGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL286Q
12UniProtVAR_078567L301PGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL301P
13UniProtVAR_003612R330CGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)148640446AR330C
14UniProtVAR_025048K437EGSHB_HUMANPolymorphism34852238AK437E
15UniProtVAR_003613G464VGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AG464V
16UniProtVAR_003614D469EGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AD469E

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (16, 32)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_003602A26DGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)759253242AA26D
02UniProtVAR_003603L188PGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL188P
03UniProtVAR_003604D219AGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AD219A
04UniProtVAR_003605D219GGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)28938472AD219G
05UniProtVAR_025047R236QGSHB_HUMANPolymorphism34239729AR236Q
06UniProtVAR_003606L254RGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL254R
07UniProtVAR_003607R267WGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)121909308AR267W
08UniProtVAR_003608Y270CGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AY270C
09UniProtVAR_003609Y270HGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AY270H
10UniProtVAR_003610R283CGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)121909309AR283C
11UniProtVAR_003611L286QGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL286Q
12UniProtVAR_078567L301PGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AL301P
13UniProtVAR_003612R330CGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)148640446AR330C
14UniProtVAR_025048K437EGSHB_HUMANPolymorphism34852238AK437E
15UniProtVAR_003613G464VGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AG464V
16UniProtVAR_003614D469EGSHB_HUMANDisease (GSS deficiency)  ---AD469E

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 2HGS)

(-) Exons   (12, 12)

Asymmetric Unit (12, 12)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000002169511aENSE00001912009chr20:33543620-3354353091GSHB_HUMAN-00--
1.2ENST000002169512ENSE00000860151chr20:33539663-33539527137GSHB_HUMAN1-43431A:3-4341
1.3ENST000002169513ENSE00000661503chr20:33533901-33533756146GSHB_HUMAN44-92491A:44-9249
1.4ENST000002169514ENSE00000661502chr20:33530809-3353073476GSHB_HUMAN92-117261A:92-11726
1.5ENST000002169515ENSE00000661501chr20:33530430-33530291140GSHB_HUMAN118-164471A:118-16447
1.6ENST000002169516ENSE00000661500chr20:33529632-33529516117GSHB_HUMAN164-203401A:164-20340
1.7ENST000002169517ENSE00000661499chr20:33524826-3352474681GSHB_HUMAN203-230281A:203-23028
1.8ENST000002169518ENSE00000661498chr20:33524643-3352456678GSHB_HUMAN230-256271A:230-25627
1.9ENST000002169519ENSE00000661497chr20:33523445-3352337967GSHB_HUMAN256-278231A:256-27823
1.10ENST0000021695110ENSE00000661496chr20:33519936-33519742195GSHB_HUMAN279-343651A:279-34365
1.11ENST0000021695111ENSE00000661495chr20:33519220-3351913982GSHB_HUMAN344-371281A:344-37128
1.12ENST0000021695112ENSE00000661494chr20:33517393-33517204190GSHB_HUMAN371-434641A:371-43464
1.13bENST0000021695113bENSE00001897214chr20:33516754-33516236519GSHB_HUMAN434-474411A:434-47441

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:472
 aligned with GSHB_HUMAN | P48637 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:474

    Alignment length:472
                                    12        22        32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402       412       422       432       442       452       462       472  
           GSHB_HUMAN     3 TNWGSLLQDKQQLEELARQAVDRALAEGVLLRTSQEPTSSEVVSYAPFTLFPSLVPSALLEQAYAVQMDFNLLVDAVSQNAAFLEQTLSSTIKQDDFTARLFDIHKQVLKEGIAQTVFLGLNRSDYMFQRSADGSPALKQIEINTISASFGGLASRTPAVHRHVLSVLSKTKEAGKILSNNPSKGLALGIAKAWELYGSPNALVLLIAQEKERNIFDQRAIENELLARNIHVIRRTFEDISEKGSLDQDRRLFVDGQEIAVVYFRDGYMPRQYSLQNWEARLLLERSHAAKCPDIATQLAGTKKVQQELSRPGMLEMLLPGQPEAVARLRATFAGLYSLDVGEEGDQAIAEALAAPSRFVLKPQREGGGNNLYGEEMVQALKQLKDSEERASYILMEKIEPEPFENCLLRPGSPARVVQCISELGIFGVYVRQEKTLVMNKHVGHLLRTKAIEHADGGVAAGVAVLDNPYPV 474
               SCOP domains d2hgsa4 A:3-201,A:304-474 Eukaryotic glutathione synthetase ATP-binding domain                                                                                                                         d2hgsa1 A:202-303 Eukaryotic glutathione synthetase, substrate-binding domain                         d2hgsa4 A:3-201,A:304-474 Eukaryotic glutathione synthetase ATP-binding domain                                                                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2hgsA01 A:3-55,A:158-179,A:406-417                   2hgsA02     2hgsA03 A:68-114,A:304-337                     2hgsA02 A:56-67,A:115-157,A:418-473        2hgsA01               --2hgsA04 A:182-303  [code=3.40.50.1760, no name defined]                                                                   2hgsA03 A:68-114,A:304-337        2hgsA05 A:338-405  [code=3.30.1490.50, no name defined]             2hgsA01     2hgsA02 A:56-67,A:115-157,A:418-473                     - CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eee..........eee........eeehhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhh.hhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eeeeeeeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeee......hhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eeeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeee.hhhhhhheee.....eee....eeeeee.....hhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh...eee..hhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh...hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh...eee....hhhhhhhhhhhh.hhheeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhheeeee......eeeee.......eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeeeee.............eee..eee Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) -----------------------D-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P------------------------------A----------------Q-----------------R------------W--C------------C--Q--------------P----------------------------C----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E--------------------------V----E----- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G--------------------------------------------------H------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.2  PDB: A:3-43 UniProt: 1-43      Exon 1.3  PDB: A:44-92 UniProt: 44-92            -------------------------Exon 1.5  PDB: A:118-164 UniProt: 118-164      --------------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: A:203-230    -------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: A:256-27Exon 1.10  PDB: A:279-343 UniProt: 279-343                       Exon 1.11  PDB: A:344-371   --------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.13b  PDB: A:434-474                Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.4  PDB: A:92-117   ----------------------------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: A:164-203                --------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:230-256   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.12  PDB: A:371-434 UniProt: 371-434                      ---------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 2hgs A   3 TNWGSLLQDKQQLEELARQAVDRALAEGVLLRTSQEPTSSEVVSYAPFTLFPSLVPSALLEQAYAVQMDFNLLVDAVSQNAAFLEQTLSSTIKQDDFTARLFDIHKQVLKEGIAQTVFLGLNRSDYMFQRSADGSPALKQIEINTISASFGGLASRTPAVHRHVLSVLSKTKEAGKILSNNPSKGLALGIAKAWELYGSPNALVLLIAQEKERNIFDQRAIENELLARNIHVIRRTFEDISEKGSLDQDRRLFVDGQEIAVVYFRDGYMPRQYSLQNWEARLLLERSHAAKCPDIATQLAGTKKVQQELSRPGMLEMLLPGQPEAVARLRATFAGLYSLDVGEEGDQAIAEALAAPSRFVLKPQREGGGNNLYGEEMVQALKQLKDSEERASYILMEKIEPEPFENCLLRPGSPARVVQCISELGIFGVYVRQEKTLVMNKHVGHLLRTKAIEHADGGVAAGVAVLDNPYPV 474
                                    12        22        32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402       412       422       432       442       452       462       472  

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (5, 5)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2HGS)

(-) Gene Ontology  (23, 23)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (GSHB_HUMAN | P48637)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0043295    glutathione binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.
    GO:0004363    glutathione synthase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
    GO:0016594    glycine binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
    GO:0016874    ligase activity    Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
    GO:0000287    magnesium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0042277    peptide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with peptides, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
biological process
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0006520    cellular amino acid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells.
    GO:0006750    glutathione biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0043200    response to amino acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
    GO:0046686    response to cadmium ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
    GO:0031667    response to nutrient levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
    GO:0006979    response to oxidative stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0034612    response to tumor necrosis factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
    GO:0009410    response to xenobiotic stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms.
cellular component
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

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