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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHP2 IN COMPLEX WITH ITS BINDING REGION IN NHE1 AND INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISM OF PH REGULATION
 
Authors :  Y. Ben Ammar, S. Takeda, T. Hisamitsu, H. Mori, S. Wakabayashi
Date :  24 Oct 05  (Deposition) - 27 Jun 06  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.70
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Calcineurin-Homologous Protein, Calcium-Binding Protein, Nhe1 Regulating Protein, Metal Binding Protein/Transport Protein Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  Y. Ben Ammar, S. Takeda, T. Hisamitsu, H. Mori, S. Wakabayashi
Crystal Structure Of Chp2 Complexed With Nhe1-Cytosolic Region And An Implication For Ph Regulation
Embo J. V. 25 2315 2006
PubMed-ID: 16710297  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1038/SJ.EMBOJ.7601145
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - CALCINEURIN B HOMOLOGOUS PROTEIN 2
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPET11
    Expression System StrainBL21-STAR
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymHEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 520, HUMAN CALCINEURIN HOMOLOGOUS PROTEIN CHP2
 
Molecule 2 - SODIUM/HYDROGEN EXCHANGER 1
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPET24
    Expression System StrainBL21-STAR
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentRESIDUES 503-545
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymNA(+)/H(+) EXCHANGER 1, NHE-1, SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 9 MEMBER 1, NA(+)/H(+) ANTIPORTER, AMILORIDE- SENSITIVE, APNH

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1YT32Ligand/IonYTTRIUM (III) ION

(-) Sites  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREASP A:165 , ASP A:167 , ASP A:169 , ALA A:171 , GLU A:176BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE YT3 A 1201
2AC2SOFTWAREASP A:95 , ASP A:124 , ASP A:126 , ASP A:128 , LYS A:130 , GLU A:135BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE YT3 A 1202

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2BEC)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2BEC)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_048664R127PCHP2_HUMANPolymorphism35641939AR127P

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 5)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 5)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1EF_HAND_2PS50222 EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile.CHP2_HUMAN26-61
111-146
152-187
  3A:26-61
A:111-146
A:152-187
2EF_HAND_1PS00018 EF-hand calcium-binding domain.CHP2_HUMAN124-136
165-177
  2A:124-136
A:165-177

(-) Exons   (9, 9)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (9, 9)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.3aENST000002639803aENSE00001322091chr1:27481401-27480474928SL9A1_HUMAN1-1181180--
1.4bENST000002639804bENSE00000956128chr1:27440777-27440317461SL9A1_HUMAN118-2711540--
1.5ENST000002639805ENSE00000902176chr1:27436268-27436018251SL9A1_HUMAN272-355840--
1.6ENST000002639806ENSE00000956129chr1:27434356-27434139218SL9A1_HUMAN355-428740--
1.7aENST000002639807aENSE00000956130chr1:27432578-27432376203SL9A1_HUMAN428-495680--
1.8bENST000002639808bENSE00000760795chr1:27429803-2742971490SL9A1_HUMAN496-525301B:516-52510
1.9bENST000002639809bENSE00000760796chr1:27429234-2742916471SL9A1_HUMAN526-549241B:526-54015
1.10ENST0000026398010ENSE00001614589chr1:27429049-27428876174SL9A1_HUMAN549-607590--
1.11ENST0000026398011ENSE00000760801chr1:27428621-27428507115SL9A1_HUMAN607-645390--
1.12ENST0000026398012ENSE00000760804chr1:27428317-27428216102SL9A1_HUMAN646-679340--
1.13ENST0000026398013ENSE00000760806chr1:27427766-2742769473SL9A1_HUMAN680-704250--
1.14bENST0000026398014bENSE00001462442chr1:27427135-274253061830SL9A1_HUMAN704-8151120--

2.1ENST000003001131ENSE00001175714chr16:23765948-23766437490CHP2_HUMAN1-23231A:11-2313
2.2ENST000003001132ENSE00001175706chr16:23766982-2376705473CHP2_HUMAN23-47251A:23-4725
2.3ENST000003001133ENSE00001175702chr16:23767168-2376724881CHP2_HUMAN47-74281A:47-7428
2.4ENST000003001134ENSE00001175699chr16:23767384-23767514131CHP2_HUMAN74-118451A:74-118 (gaps)45
2.5ENST000003001135ENSE00001175695chr16:23767709-2376777062CHP2_HUMAN118-138211A:118-13821
2.6ENST000003001136ENSE00001175689chr16:23768522-23768644123CHP2_HUMAN139-179411A:139-17941
2.7ENST000003001137ENSE00001290337chr16:23768851-237702721422CHP2_HUMAN180-196171A:180-19617

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:181
 aligned with CHP2_HUMAN | O43745 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:196

    Alignment length:186
                                    20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190      
           CHP2_HUMAN    11 IPDGDSIRRETGFSQASLLRLHHRFRALDRNKKGYLSRMDLQQIGALAVNPLGDRIIESFFPDGSQRVDFPGFVRVLAHFRPVEDEDTETQDPKKPEPLNSRRNKLHYAFQLYDLDRDGKISRHEMLQVLRLMVGVQVTEEQLENIADRTVQEADEDGDGAVSFVEFTKSLEKMDVEQKMSIRILK 196
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2becA00 A:11-196 EF-hand                                                                                                                                                                   CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....hhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhh-----......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eehhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eehhhhhhh....hhhhhh...... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P--------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---------------EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:26-61             -------------------------------------------------EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:111-146           -----EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:152-187           --------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EF_HAND_1    ----------------------------EF_HAND_1    ------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 2 (1) Exon 2.1     -----------------------Exon 2.3  PDB: A:47-74      -------------------------------------------Exon 2.5             Exon 2.6  PDB: A:139-179 UniProt: 139-179Exon 2.7          Transcript 2 (1)
           Transcript 2 (2) ------------Exon 2.2  PDB: A:23-47   --------------------------Exon 2.4  PDB: A:74-118 (gaps)               ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript 2 (2)
                 2bec A  11 IPDGDSIRRETGFSQASLLRLHHRFRALDRNKKGYLSRMDLQQIGALAVNPLGDRIIESFFPDGSQRVDFPGFVRVLAHFRPVEDEDTE-----KPEPLNSRRNKLHYAFQLYDLDRDGKISRHEMLQVLRLMVGVQVTEEQLENIADRTVQEADEDGDGAVSFVEFTKSLEKMDVEQKMSIRILK 196
                                    20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90        |-    |  110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190      
                                                                                                                   99   105                                                                                           

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:25
 aligned with SL9A1_HUMAN | P19634 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:815

    Alignment length:25
                                   525       535     
          SL9A1_HUMAN   516 RSINEEIHTQFLDHLLTGIEDICGH 540
               SCOP domains ------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.8b Exon 1.9b       Transcript 1
                 2bec B 516 RSINEEIHTQFLDHLLTGIEDICGH 540
                                   525       535     

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2BEC)

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2BEC)

(-) Gene Ontology  (91, 98)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (CHP2_HUMAN | O43745)
molecular function
    GO:0005509    calcium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
    GO:0071277    cellular response to calcium ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
    GO:0070886    positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0010922    positive regulation of phosphatase activity    Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
    GO:0042307    positive regulation of protein import into nucleus    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

Chain B   (SL9A1_HUMAN | P19634)
molecular function
    GO:0015297    antiporter activity    Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. The reaction is: solute A(out) + solute B(in) = solute A(in) + solute B(out).
    GO:0048306    calcium-dependent protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in the presence of calcium.
    GO:0005516    calmodulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
    GO:0005546    phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0030674    protein binding, bridging    The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
    GO:0032947    protein complex scaffold activity    A structural molecule activity that provides a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein complex. The scaffold may or may not be part of the final complex.
    GO:0030346    protein phosphatase 2B binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2B.
    GO:0015385    sodium:proton antiporter activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
    GO:0086040    sodium:proton antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential    Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a cardiac muscle cell membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). This transfer contributes to the regulation of the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential.
    GO:0015299    solute:proton antiporter activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(in) = solute(in) + H+(out).
biological process
    GO:0086003    cardiac muscle cell contraction    The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a cardiac muscle cell.
    GO:0055007    cardiac muscle cell differentiation    The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
    GO:0006812    cation transport    The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0016049    cell growth    The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
    GO:0016477    cell migration    The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
    GO:0071468    cellular response to acidic pH    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
    GO:0071236    cellular response to antibiotic    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
    GO:0071257    cellular response to electrical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
    GO:0071872    cellular response to epinephrine stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
    GO:0071456    cellular response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0032869    cellular response to insulin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0071407    cellular response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0006883    cellular sodium ion homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell.
    GO:0030214    hyaluronan catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
    GO:1902600    hydrogen ion transmembrane transport    The directed movement of hydrogen ion (proton) across a membrane.
    GO:0006811    ion transport    The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0030011    maintenance of cell polarity    The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0070997    neuron death    The process of cell death in a neuron.
    GO:0051533    positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
    GO:0045760    positive regulation of action potential    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0070886    positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
    GO:1903281    positive regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.
    GO:0010613    positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
    GO:0030307    positive regulation of cell growth    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:1902533    positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
    GO:0035794    positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
    GO:0098735    positive regulation of the force of heart contraction    Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0051259    protein oligomerization    The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
    GO:0086036    regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential    Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in a cardiac muscle cell (a cardiomyocyte). A membrane potential is the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
    GO:0010882    regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.
    GO:0051893    regulation of focal adhesion assembly    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
    GO:0051453    regulation of intracellular pH    Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
    GO:0006885    regulation of pH    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell.
    GO:0051930    regulation of sensory perception of pain    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
    GO:0051492    regulation of stress fiber assembly    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
    GO:0002026    regulation of the force of heart contraction    Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
    GO:0086092    regulation of the force of heart contraction by cardiac conduction    A cardiac conduction process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
    GO:0010447    response to acidic pH    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0035994    response to muscle stretch    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a myofibril being extended beyond its slack length.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0071436    sodium ion export    The directed movement of sodium ions out of a cell or organelle.
    GO:0098719    sodium ion import across plasma membrane    The directed movement of sodium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
    GO:0006814    sodium ion transport    The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0055085    transmembrane transport    The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
cellular component
    GO:0030315    T-tubule    Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
    GO:0016324    apical plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
    GO:0016323    basolateral plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
    GO:0090533    cation-transporting ATPase complex    Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005887    integral component of plasma membrane    The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0014704    intercalated disc    A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.
    GO:0030027    lamellipodium    A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0045121    membrane raft    Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0042383    sarcolemma    The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.

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        SL9A1_HUMAN | P196341y4e 2e30 2htg 2kbv 2l0e 2mdf 2ygg

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