molecular function |
| GO:0016209 | | antioxidant activity | | Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage. |
| GO:0051087 | | chaperone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport. |
| GO:0005507 | | copper ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper (Cu) ions. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0016491 | | oxidoreductase activity | | Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0030346 | | protein phosphatase 2B binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2B. |
| GO:0004784 | | superoxide dismutase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide. |
| GO:0004842 | | ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y --> Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages. |
| GO:0008270 | | zinc ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions. |
biological process |
| GO:0000187 | | activation of MAPK activity | | The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK). |
| GO:0006309 | | apoptotic DNA fragmentation | | The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments. |
| GO:0060088 | | auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells. |
| GO:0007569 | | cell aging | | An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469). |
| GO:0006879 | | cellular iron ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions at the level of a cell. |
| GO:0006302 | | double-strand break repair | | The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. |
| GO:0007566 | | embryo implantation | | Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining. |
| GO:0006749 | | glutathione metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. |
| GO:0060047 | | heart contraction | | The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. |
| GO:0050665 | | hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA. |
| GO:0044419 | | interspecies interaction between organisms | | Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species. |
| GO:0007626 | | locomotory behavior | | The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. |
| GO:0046716 | | muscle cell cellular homeostasis | | The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state. |
| GO:0002262 | | myeloid cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0045541 | | negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. |
| GO:0043524 | | negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| GO:0060052 | | neurofilament cytoskeleton organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins. |
| GO:0001541 | | ovarian follicle development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0055114 | | oxidation-reduction process | | A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons. |
| GO:0032287 | | peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance | | The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. |
| GO:0043085 | | positive regulation of catalytic activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. |
| GO:0001819 | | positive regulation of cytokine production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. |
| GO:0051770 | | positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme. |
| GO:0043161 | | proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| GO:0000209 | | protein polyubiquitination | | Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain. |
| GO:0072593 | | reactive oxygen species metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. |
| GO:0008217 | | regulation of blood pressure | | Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. |
| GO:0001817 | | regulation of cytokine production | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. |
| GO:0051881 | | regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential | | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| GO:0040014 | | regulation of multicellular organism growth | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. |
| GO:0045859 | | regulation of protein kinase activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| GO:0060087 | | relaxation of vascular smooth muscle | | A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity. |
| GO:0019430 | | removal of superoxide radicals | | Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). |
| GO:0048678 | | response to axon injury | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0045471 | | response to ethanol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| GO:0009408 | | response to heat | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. |
| GO:0042542 | | response to hydrogen peroxide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
| GO:0010033 | | response to organic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. |
| GO:0000303 | | response to superoxide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. |
| GO:0001895 | | retina homeostasis | | A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. |
| GO:0007605 | | sensory perception of sound | | The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. |
| GO:0007283 | | spermatogenesis | | The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis. |
| GO:0006801 | | superoxide metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. |
| GO:0019226 | | transmission of nerve impulse | | The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0031410 | | cytoplasmic vesicle | | A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0032839 | | dendrite cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane. |
| GO:0031012 | | extracellular matrix | | A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0043025 | | neuronal cell body | | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0043234 | | protein complex | | A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical. |