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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARLY ENDOSOMAL SNARE COMPLEX
 
Authors :  D. Zwilling, A. Cypionka, W. H. Pohl, D. Fasshauer, P. J. Walla, M. C. Wahl, R. Jahn
Date :  30 Oct 06  (Deposition) - 26 Dec 06  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.50
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Keywords :  Vesicle Fusion, Snare Complex, Early Endosomal Snare Complex, Syntaxin 6, Syntaxin 13, Vti1A, Vamp4, Transport Protein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  D. Zwilling, A. Cypionka, W. H. Pohl, D. Fasshauer, P. J. Walla, M. C. Wahl, R. Jahn
Early Endosomal Snares Form A Structurally Conserved Snare Complex And Fuse Liposomes With Multiple Topologies
Embo J. V. 26 9 2007
PubMed-ID: 17159904  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1038/SJ.EMBOJ.7601467
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 4
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPET28A
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentVAMP4 SNARE MOTIF, RESIDUES 47-117
    GeneVAMP4_PREDICTED
    Organism CommonHOUSE MOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090
    SynonymVAMP-4
 
Molecule 2 - SYNTAXIN 13
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPET28A
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentSYNTAXIN 13 SNARE MOTIF, RESIDUES 177-244
    GeneSYNTAXIN 13
    Organism CommonNORWAY RAT
    Organism ScientificRATTUS NORVEGICUS
    Organism Taxid10116
 
Molecule 3 - VESICLE TRANSPORT THROUGH INTERACTION WITH T- SNARES HOMOLOG 1A
    ChainsC
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPET28A
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentVTI1A SNARE MOTIF, RESIDUES 122-199
    GeneVTI1A
    Organism CommonNORWAY RAT
    Organism ScientificRATTUS NORVEGICUS
    Organism Taxid10116
    SynonymVESICLE TRANSPORT V-SNARE PROTEIN VTI1-LIKE 2, VTI1-RP2
 
Molecule 4 - SYNTAXIN-6
    ChainsD
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPET28A
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentSYNTAXIN 6 SNARE MOTIF, T-SNARE COILED-COIL HOMOLOGY, RESIDUES 169-234
    GeneSTX6
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABCD

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 2NPS)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 2NPS)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2NPS)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2NPS)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2NPS)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (4, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (4, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1V_SNAREPS50892 v-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain profile.VAMP4_MOUSE52-112  1A:53-112
2SYNAPTOBREVINPS00417 Synaptobrevin signature.VAMP4_MOUSE70-89  1A:71-90
3T_SNAREPS50192 t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain profile.STX12_RAT178-240  1B:184-240
4SYNTAXINPS00914 Syntaxin / epimorphin family signature.STX12_RAT184-223  1B:184-223

(-) Exons   (8, 8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (8, 8)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENSRNOT000000172271aENSRNOE00000111618chr5:152261969-152262164196STX12_RAT1-40400--
1.2ENSRNOT000000172272ENSRNOE00000112202chr5:152273581-15227365070STX12_RAT40-63240--
1.3ENSRNOT000000172273ENSRNOE00000112341chr5:152276990-152277089100STX12_RAT63-96340--
1.4ENSRNOT000000172274ENSRNOE00000114542chr5:152281860-152281997138STX12_RAT97-142461B:181-1822
1.5ENSRNOT000000172275ENSRNOE00000115753chr5:152282553-15228259644STX12_RAT143-157150--
1.6ENSRNOT000000172276ENSRNOE00000116231chr5:152283773-152283878106STX12_RAT157-192361B:183-192 (gaps)29
1.7ENSRNOT000000172277ENSRNOE00000113113chr5:152285394-15228546673STX12_RAT193-217251B:193-21725
1.8ENSRNOT000000172278ENSRNOE00000113234chr5:152286642-15228672483STX12_RAT217-244281B:217-24428
1.9bENSRNOT000000172279bENSRNOE00000113366chr5:152288708-1522902101503STX12_RAT245-274301B:245-2484

2.1ENST000002583011ENSE00001445082chr1:180992047-180991775273STX6_HUMAN1-12120--
2.2ENST000002583012ENSE00001434793chr1:180974599-180974430170STX6_HUMAN12-69580--
2.3ENST000002583013ENSE00001434832chr1:180971836-18097174295STX6_HUMAN69-100320--
2.4ENST000002583014ENSE00000790201chr1:180962561-18096249963STX6_HUMAN101-121210--
2.5ENST000002583015ENSE00000822709chr1:180959245-180959120126STX6_HUMAN122-163420--
2.6bENST000002583016bENSE00000822708chr1:180957481-180957375107STX6_HUMAN164-199361D:170-19930
2.8ENST000002583018ENSE00000489802chr1:180953907-18095381395STX6_HUMAN199-231331D:199-23133
2.9bENST000002583019bENSE00001955708chr1:180945782-1809418613922STX6_HUMAN231-255251D:231-2322

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:63
 aligned with VAMP4_MOUSE | O70480 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:141

    Alignment length:63
                                    58        68        78        88        98       108   
          VAMP4_MOUSE    49 RNDKIKHVQNQVDEVIDVMQENITKVIERGERLDELQDKSESLSDNATAFSNRSKQLRRQMWW 111
               SCOP domains d2npsa_ A: automated matches                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2npsA00 A:50-112  [code=1.20.5.110, no name defined]            CATH domains
               Pfam domains Synaptobrevin-2npsA01 A:50-112                                  Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---V_SNARE  PDB: A:53-112 UniProt: 52-112                       PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ---------------------SYNAPTOBREVIN       ---------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2nps A  50 RNDKIKHVQNQVDEVIDVMQENITKVIERGERLDELQDKSESLSDNATAFSNRSKQLRRQMWW 112
                                    59        69        79        89        99       109   

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:68
 aligned with STX12_RAT | G3V7P1 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:274

    Alignment length:111
                                   147       157       167       177       187       197       207       217       227       237       247 
            STX12_RAT   138 GSRLSAEDRQREEQLVSFDSHEEWNQMQSQEEEAAITEQDLELIKERETAIQQLEADILDVNQIFKDLAMMIHDQGDLIDSIEANVESSEVHVERASDQLQRAAYYQKKSR 248
               SCOP domains d2                        n                   psb_ B: automated matches                                         SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2n                        p                   sB00 B:181-248  [code=1.20.5.110, no name defined]                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .h------------------------h-------------------hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ----------------------------------------T_SNARE  PDB: B:184-240 UniProt: 178-240                       -------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ----------------------------------------------SYNTAXIN  PDB: B:184-223                ------------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 1 (1) 1.4  Exon 1.5  PDB: -----------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: B:193-217 ---------------------------1.9b Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: B:183-192 (gaps)     ------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: B:217-244    ---- Transcript 1 (2)
                 2nps B 181 GS------------------------M-------------------RETAIQQLEADILDVNQIFKDLAMMIHDQGDLIDSIEANVESSEVHVERASDQLQRAAYYQKKSR 248
                             |       -         -      |  -         -      |187       197       207       217       227       237       247 
                             |                      183                 184                                                                
                           182                                                                                                             

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:79
 aligned with VTI1A_RAT | Q9JI51 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:224

    Alignment length:90
                                   117       127       137       147       157       167       177       187       197
            VTI1A_RAT   108 GNSSENQLIKLREERAHLLDNTERLERSSRRLEAGYQIAVETEQIGQEMLENLSHDRERIQRARERLRETDANLGKSSRILTGMLRRIIQ 197
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------V-SNARE_C-2npsC01 C:123-188                                       -- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..-----------..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2nps C 112 GS-----------MRAHLLDNTERLERSSRRLEAGYQIAVETEQIGQEMLENLSHDRERIQRARERLRETDANLGKSSRILTGMLRRIIQ 190
                             |       -   |   120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190
                           113         114                                                                            

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:63
 aligned with STX6_HUMAN | O43752 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:255

    Alignment length:63
                                   179       189       199       209       219       229   
           STX6_HUMAN   170 DEQLELVSGSIGVLKNMSQRIGGELEEQAVMLEDFSHELESTQSRLDNVMKKLAKVSHMTSDR 232
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains SNARE-2npsD01 D:170-230                                      -- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 2 (1) Exon 2.6b  PDB: D:170-199     -------------------------------2. Transcript 2 (1)
           Transcript 2 (2) -----------------------------Exon 2.8  PDB: D:199-231         - Transcript 2 (2)
                 2nps D 170 DEQLELVSGSIGVLKNMSQRIGGELEEQAVMLEDFSHELESTQSRLDNVMKKLAKVSHMTSDR 232
                                   179       189       199       209       219       229   

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Pfam Domains  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Gene Ontology  (58, 99)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (VAMP4_MOUSE | O70480)
molecular function
    GO:0005484    SNAP receptor activity    Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
    GO:0000149    SNARE binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
biological process
    GO:0090161    Golgi ribbon formation    The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.
    GO:0043001    Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport    The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.
    GO:0035493    SNARE complex assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SNARE complex, a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
    GO:0006887    exocytosis    A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
    GO:0000226    microtubule cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
    GO:0042996    regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
    GO:1901998    toxin transport    The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0006906    vesicle fusion    Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
    GO:0016192    vesicle-mediated transport    A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0031201    SNARE complex    A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005802    trans-Golgi network    The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.

Chain B   (STX12_RAT | G3V7P1)
molecular function
    GO:0005484    SNAP receptor activity    Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
    GO:0000149    SNARE binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
    GO:0006886    intracellular protein transport    The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0048278    vesicle docking    The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
    GO:0006906    vesicle fusion    Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
    GO:0016192    vesicle-mediated transport    A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
cellular component
    GO:0031083    BLOC-1 complex    A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0031201    SNARE complex    A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
    GO:0012505    endomembrane system    A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0010008    endosome membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

Chain C   (VTI1A_RAT | Q9JI51)
molecular function
    GO:0005484    SNAP receptor activity    Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
    GO:0000149    SNARE binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
    GO:0006888    ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport    The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
    GO:0006896    Golgi to vacuole transport    The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
    GO:0006891    intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport    The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).
    GO:0006886    intracellular protein transport    The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
    GO:0006623    protein targeting to vacuole    The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole, usually using signals contained within the protein.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0042147    retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi    The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0048280    vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus    The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi.
    GO:0016192    vesicle-mediated transport    A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
cellular component
    GO:0012507    ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0031201    SNARE complex    A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
    GO:0030054    cell junction    A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0030136    clathrin-coated vesicle    A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
    GO:0030665    clathrin-coated vesicle membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.
    GO:0031410    cytoplasmic vesicle    A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0031902    late endosome membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0044306    neuron projection terminus    The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
    GO:0043025    neuronal cell body    The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0008021    synaptic vesicle    A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
    GO:0030672    synaptic vesicle membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
    GO:0043195    terminal bouton    Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.

Chain D   (STX6_HUMAN | O43752)
molecular function
    GO:0005484    SNAP receptor activity    Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019905    syntaxin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse.
biological process
    GO:0090161    Golgi ribbon formation    The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.
    GO:0048193    Golgi vesicle transport    The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.
    GO:0032456    endocytic recycling    The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
    GO:0007032    endosome organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.
    GO:0006886    intracellular protein transport    The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:1903827    regulation of cellular protein localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
    GO:0032880    regulation of protein localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
    GO:0042147    retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi    The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0048278    vesicle docking    The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
    GO:0006906    vesicle fusion    Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
    GO:0016192    vesicle-mediated transport    A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0031201    SNARE complex    A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
    GO:0030136    clathrin-coated vesicle    A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005769    early endosome    A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0045335    phagocytic vesicle    A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043195    terminal bouton    Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
    GO:0005802    trans-Golgi network    The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.
    GO:0032588    trans-Golgi network membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

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        STX6_HUMAN | O437524j2c

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