molecular function |
| GO:0002151 | | G-quadruplex RNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-quadruplex RNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. |
| GO:0003723 | | RNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. |
| GO:0035613 | | RNA stem-loop binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a stem-loop in an RNA molecule. An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop. |
| GO:0033592 | | RNA strand annealing activity | | Facilitates the base-pairing of complementary single-stranded RNA. |
| GO:0003682 | | chromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| GO:0044325 | | ion channel binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient. |
| GO:0003730 | | mRNA 3'-UTR binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule. |
| GO:0048027 | | mRNA 5'-UTR binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 5' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule. |
| GO:0003729 | | mRNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns. |
| GO:0035064 | | methylated histone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone in which a residue has been modified by methylation. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. |
| GO:0035198 | | miRNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes. |
| GO:0008017 | | microtubule binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers. |
| GO:0003676 | | nucleic acid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid. |
| GO:0034046 | | poly(G) binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule. |
| GO:0008266 | | poly(U) RNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0046982 | | protein heterodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0043022 | | ribosome binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome. |
| GO:1990825 | | sequence-specific mRNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA) of a specific nucleotide composition or a specific sequence motif. |
| GO:0035197 | | siRNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme. |
| GO:0031369 | | translation initiation factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation. |
| GO:0030371 | | translation repressor activity | | Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide. |
biological process |
| GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| GO:0034644 | | cellular response to UV | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. |
| GO:0072711 | | cellular response to hydroxyurea | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus. |
| GO:0098586 | | cellular response to virus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. |
| GO:0007215 | | glutamate receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to a glutamate receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0051028 | | mRNA transport | | The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0044830 | | modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication | | A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication. |
| GO:2000766 | | negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation. |
| GO:1900453 | | negative regulation of long term synaptic depression | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression. |
| GO:2000301 | | negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. |
| GO:0017148 | | negative regulation of translation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. |
| GO:0045947 | | negative regulation of translational initiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. |
| GO:1901386 | | negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity. |
| GO:0060999 | | positive regulation of dendritic spine development | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0051491 | | positive regulation of filopodium assembly | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| GO:2000637 | | positive regulation of gene silencing by miRNA | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene silencing by miRNA. |
| GO:0033129 | | positive regulation of histone phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein. |
| GO:1901254 | | positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material. |
| GO:1902416 | | positive regulation of mRNA binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding. |
| GO:1901800 | | positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process. |
| GO:0002092 | | positive regulation of receptor internalization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization. |
| GO:2001022 | | positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. |
| GO:0045727 | | positive regulation of translation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. |
| GO:0000381 | | regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs. |
| GO:0060998 | | regulation of dendritic spine development | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0051489 | | regulation of filopodium assembly | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| GO:0060964 | | regulation of gene silencing by miRNA | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression. |
| GO:0043488 | | regulation of mRNA stability | | Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs. |
| GO:0098908 | | regulation of neuronal action potential | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| GO:0046928 | | regulation of neurotransmitter secretion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell. |
| GO:0006810 | | transport | | The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. |
cellular component |
| GO:0015030 | | Cajal body | | A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA. |
| GO:0032797 | | SMN complex | | A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. |
| GO:0030424 | | axon | | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. |
| GO:0043679 | | axon terminus | | Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it. |
| GO:0042995 | | cell projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. |
| GO:0010369 | | chromocenter | | A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure. |
| GO:0005694 | | chromosome | | A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0036464 | | cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule | | A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0030425 | | dendrite | | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. |
| GO:1902737 | | dendritic filopodium | | A small, membranous protrusion found primarily on dendritic stretches of developing neurons. May receive synaptic input, and can develop into dendritic spines. |
| GO:0043198 | | dendritic shaft | | Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines. |
| GO:0043197 | | dendritic spine | | A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity. |
| GO:0019897 | | extrinsic component of plasma membrane | | The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. |
| GO:0032433 | | filopodium tip | | The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell. |
| GO:0097386 | | glial cell projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell. |
| GO:0030426 | | growth cone | | The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite. |
| GO:1990812 | | growth cone filopodium | | A thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of an axonal or dendritic growth cone. |
| GO:0030529 | | intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex | | An intracellular macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules. |
| GO:0005845 | | mRNA cap binding complex | | Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0043005 | | neuron projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| GO:0071598 | | neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule | | A ribonucleoprotein complex that is found in the cytoplasm of axons and dendrites, and transports translationally silenced mRNAs to dendritic synapses, where they are released and translated in response to specific exogenous stimuli. |
| GO:0005730 | | nucleolus | | A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. |
| GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0043204 | | perikaryon | | The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0042788 | | polysomal ribosome | | A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome. |
| GO:0005844 | | polysome | | A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro. |
| GO:0098794 | | postsynapse | | The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. |
| GO:0014069 | | postsynaptic density of dendrite | | An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. |
| GO:0098793 | | presynapse | | The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. |
| GO:1990904 | | ribonucleoprotein complex | | A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules. |
| GO:0045202 | | synapse | | The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
| GO:0019034 | | viral replication complex | | Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome. |