2AZM - JenaLib

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Biological Unit 1 (Jmol Viewer)

Biological Unit 2 (Jmol Viewer)

Title :   CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE MDC1 BRCT REPEAT IN COMPLEX WITH THE HISTONE TAIL OF GAMMA-H2AX

Authors :   J. A. Clapperton, M. Stucki, D. Mohammad, M. B. Yaffe, S. P. Jackson, S. J. Smerdon

Date :   12 Sep 05 (Deposition) - 31 Jan 06 (Release) - 24 Feb 09 (Revision)

Method :   X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Resolution :   2.41

Chains :   Asym. Unit : A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1: A,C  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2: B,D  (1x)

Keywords :   Brct Repeat, Protein-Phosphopeptide Complex, Dna Damage, Cell Cycle (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )

Reference :   M. Stucki, J. A. Clapperton, D. Mohammad, M. B. Yaffe, S. J. Smerdon, S. P. Jackson
Mdc1 Directly Binds Phosphorylated Histone H2Ax To Regulate Cellular Responses To Dna Double-Strand Breaks
Cell(Cambridge, Mass. ) V. 123 1213 2005
PubMed-ID: 16377563 | Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.CELL.2005.09.038
(for further references see the PDB file header)

Molecule 1 - MEDIATOR OF DNA DAMAGE CHECKPOINT PROTEIN 1
	Chains	:	A, B
	Engineered	:	YES
	Expression System	:	ESCHERICHIA COLI BL21
	Expression System Plasmid	:	PGEX4T1
	Expression System Strain	:	BL21
	Expression System Taxid	:	511693
	Expression System Vector Type	:	PLASMID
	Fragment	:	BRCT REPEAT
	Gene	:	MDC1
	Organism Common	:	HUMAN
	Organism Scientific	:	HOMO SAPIENS
	Organism Taxid	:	9606
	Synonym	:	NUCLEAR FACTOR WITH BRCT DOMAINS 1

Molecule 2 - GAMMA-H2AX HISTONE
	Chains	:	C, D
	Engineered	:	YES
	Other Details	:	GAMMA H2AX SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE
	Synonym	:	HISTONE H2AFX
	Synthetic	:	YES

		1	2	3	4
Asymmetric Unit	:	A	B	C	D
Biological Unit 1 (1x)	:	A		C
Biological Unit 2 (1x)	:		B		D

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 6)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	MSE	4	Mod. Amino Acid	SELENOMETHIONINE
2	SEP	2	Mod. Amino Acid	PHOSPHOSERINE

Biological Unit 1 (2, 3)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	MSE	2	Mod. Amino Acid	SELENOMETHIONINE
2	SEP	1	Mod. Amino Acid	PHOSPHOSERINE

Biological Unit 2 (2, 3)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	MSE	2	Mod. Amino Acid	SELENOMETHIONINE
2	SEP	1	Mod. Amino Acid	PHOSPHOSERINE

(no "Site" information available for 2AZM)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2AZM)

Asymmetric Unit

No.	Residues
1	Gln A:2008	-	Pro A:2009
2	Gln B:2008	-	Pro B:2009

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)

								dbSNP	PDB
No.	Source	Variant ID	Variant			UniProt ID	Status	ID	Chain	Variant
1	UniProt	VAR_051170	R	1904	Q	MDC1_HUMAN	Polymorphism	28994876	A/B	R	1904	Q

SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)

								dbSNP	PDB
No.	Source	Variant ID	Variant			UniProt ID	Status	ID	Chain	Variant
1	UniProt	VAR_051170	R	1904	Q	MDC1_HUMAN	Polymorphism	28994876	A	R	1904	Q

SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)

								dbSNP	PDB
No.	Source	Variant ID	Variant			UniProt ID	Status	ID	Chain	Variant
1	UniProt	VAR_051170	R	1904	Q	MDC1_HUMAN	Polymorphism	28994876	B	R	1904	Q

SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	BRCT	PS50172	BRCT domain profile.	MDC1_HUMAN	1892-1970	2	A:1892-1970 B:1892-1970

Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	BRCT	PS50172	BRCT domain profile.	MDC1_HUMAN	1892-1970	1	A:1892-1970 -

Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	BRCT	PS50172	BRCT domain profile.	MDC1_HUMAN	1892-1970	1	- B:1892-1970

Asymmetric Unit (6, 12)

	ENSEMBL					UniProtKB			PDB
No.	Transcript ID	Exon	Exon ID	Genome Location	Length	ID	Location	Length	Count	Location	Length
1.1b	ENST00000375167	1b	ENSE00001465957	chr11:118966159-118965170	990	H2AX_HUMAN	1-162	162	2	C:138-142 D:138-142	5 5
1.1c	ENST00000375167	1c	ENSE00001465955	chr11:118964971-118964589	383	H2AX_HUMAN	-	0	0	-	-

2.37a	ENST00000376406	37a	ENSE00001835419	chr6:30685666-30685022	645	MDC1_HUMAN	-	0	0	-	-
2.40	ENST00000376406	40	ENSE00001707939	chr6:30682955-30682817	139	MDC1_HUMAN	1-46	46	0	-	-
2.41i	ENST00000376406	41i	ENSE00002149164	chr6:30681960-30681580	381	MDC1_HUMAN	46-173	128	0	-	-
2.41j	ENST00000376406	41j	ENSE00001677117	chr6:30681494-30681425	70	MDC1_HUMAN	173-196	24	0	-	-
2.41n	ENST00000376406	41n	ENSE00001672479	chr6:30681131-30679651	1481	MDC1_HUMAN	196-690	495	0	-	-
2.41v	ENST00000376406	41v	ENSE00001732269	chr6:30679503-30679444	60	MDC1_HUMAN	690-710	21	0	-	-
2.42b	ENST00000376406	42b	ENSE00001773945	chr6:30679281-30679189	93	MDC1_HUMAN	710-741	32	0	-	-
2.45j	ENST00000376406	45j	ENSE00001790042	chr6:30676134-30675343	792	MDC1_HUMAN	741-1005	265	0	-	-
2.45q	ENST00000376406	45q	ENSE00001682597	chr6:30675231-30675161	71	MDC1_HUMAN	1005-1028	24	0	-	-
2.47d	ENST00000376406	47d	ENSE00001757825	chr6:30673875-30671398	2478	MDC1_HUMAN	1029-1854	826	0	-	-
2.47aq	ENST00000376406	47aq	ENSE00001680569	chr6:30671314-30671195	120	MDC1_HUMAN	1855-1894	40	2	A:1891-1894 B:1891-1894	4 4
2.47au	ENST00000376406	47au	ENSE00001713998	chr6:30671063-30670881	183	MDC1_HUMAN	1895-1955	61	2	A:1895-1955 B:1895-1955	61 61
2.47bg	ENST00000376406	47bg	ENSE00001800762	chr6:30670654-30670529	126	MDC1_HUMAN	1956-1997	42	2	A:1956-1997 B:1956-1997	42 42
2.47bi	ENST00000376406	47bi	ENSE00001704145	chr6:30670440-30670330	111	MDC1_HUMAN	1998-2034	37	2	A:1998-2034 B:1998-2034	37 37
2.51d	ENST00000376406	51d	ENSE00001891428	chr6:30668409-30667584	826	MDC1_HUMAN	2035-2089	55	2	A:2035-2083 B:2035-2085	49 51

Asymmetric Unit

Reformat:	Number of residues per line = ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
	Number of residues per labelling interval =
	UniProt sequence: complete aligned part

Show mapping:	SCOP domains	CATH domains	Pfam domains	Secondary structure (by author)
	SAPs(SNPs)	PROSITE motifs	Exons
	(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:193
 aligned with MDC1_HUMAN | Q14676 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:2089

    Alignment length:193
                                  1900      1910      1920      1930      1940      1950      1960      1970      1980      1990      2000      2010      2020      2030      2040      2050      2060      2070      2080   
          MDC1_HUMAN   1891 TAPKVLFTGVVDARGERAVLALGGSLAGSAAEASHLVTDRIRRTVKFLCALGRGIPILSLDWLHQSRKAGFFLPPDEYVVTDPEQEKNFGFSLQDALSRARERRLLEGYEIYVTPGVQPPPPQMGEIISCCGGTYLPSMPRSYKPQRVVITCPQDFPHCSIPLRVGLPLLSPEFLLTGVLKQEAKPEAFVLSP 2083
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeee....hhhhhhhhhhh..ee..hhhhh.eee......hhhhhhhhhhh..ee.hhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhh..hhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee......hhhhhhhhhhhh..eee..........eeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..ee.hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------Q----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -BRCT  PDB: A:1892-1970 UniProt: 1892-1970                                      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 2 2.47Exon 2.47au  PDB: A:1895-1955 UniProt: 1895-1955             Exon 2.47bg  PDB: A:1956-1997             Exon 2.47bi  PDB: A:1998-2034        Exon 2.51d  PDB: A:2035-2083 UniProt: 2035-2089   Transcript 2
                2azm A 1891 TAPKVLFTGVVDARGERAVLALGGSLAGSAAEASHLVTDRIRRTVKFLCALGRGIPILSLDWLHQSRKAGFFLPPDEYVVTDPEQEKNFGFSLQDALSRARERRLLEGYEIYVTPGVQPPPPQmGEIISCCGGTYLPSmPRSYKPQRVVITCPQDFPHCSIPLRVGLPLLSPEFLLTGVLKQEAKPEAFVLSP 2083
                                  1900      1910      1920      1930      1940      1950      1960      1970      1980      1990      2000      2010   |  2020      2030      2040      2050      2060      2070      2080   
                                                                                                                                                    2014-MSE       2029-MSE

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:195
 aligned with MDC1_HUMAN | Q14676 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:2089

    Alignment length:195
                                  1900      1910      1920      1930      1940      1950      1960      1970      1980      1990      2000      2010      2020      2030      2040      2050      2060      2070      2080     
          MDC1_HUMAN   1891 TAPKVLFTGVVDARGERAVLALGGSLAGSAAEASHLVTDRIRRTVKFLCALGRGIPILSLDWLHQSRKAGFFLPPDEYVVTDPEQEKNFGFSLQDALSRARERRLLEGYEIYVTPGVQPPPPQMGEIISCCGGTYLPSMPRSYKPQRVVITCPQDFPHCSIPLRVGLPLLSPEFLLTGVLKQEAKPEAFVLSPLE 2085
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeee....hhhhhhhhhhh..ee........eee......hhhhhhhhhhh..ee.hhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhh..hhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee......hhhhhhhhhhhh..eee..........eeee....hhhhhhhhhhhh..ee.hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh...... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------Q------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -BRCT  PDB: B:1892-1970 UniProt: 1892-1970                                      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 2 2.47Exon 2.47au  PDB: B:1895-1955 UniProt: 1895-1955             Exon 2.47bg  PDB: B:1956-1997             Exon 2.47bi  PDB: B:1998-2034        Exon 2.51d  PDB: B:2035-2085 UniProt: 2035-2089     Transcript 2
                2azm B 1891 TAPKVLFTGVVDARGERAVLALGGSLAGSAAEASHLVTDRIRRTVKFLCALGRGIPILSLDWLHQSRKAGFFLPPDEYVVTDPEQEKNFGFSLQDALSRARERRLLEGYEIYVTPGVQPPPPQmGEIISCCGGTYLPSmPRSYKPQRVVITCPQDFPHCSIPLRVGLPLLSPEFLLTGVLKQEAKPEAFVLSPLE 2085
                                  1900      1910      1920      1930      1940      1950      1960      1970      1980      1990      2000      2010   |  2020      2030      2040      2050      2060      2070      2080     
                                                                                                                                                    2014-MSE       2029-MSE

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:5
 aligned with H2AX_HUMAN | P16104 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:143

    Alignment length:5
          H2AX_HUMAN    139 ASQEY  143
               SCOP domains ----- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 1.1b  Transcript 1
                2azm C  138 AsQEY  142
                             |   
                             |   
                           139-SEP

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:5
 aligned with H2AX_HUMAN | P16104 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:143

    Alignment length:5
          H2AX_HUMAN    139 ASQEY  143
               SCOP domains ----- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 1.1b  Transcript 1
                2azm D  138 AsQEY  142
                             |   
                             |   
                           139-SEP

Legend:		→ Mismatch	(orange background)
	-	→ Gap	(green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
		→ Modified Residue	(blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
	x	→ Chemical Group	(purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
	extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '\|'

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2AZM)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2AZM)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2AZM)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)

Chain A,B (MDC1_HUMAN | Q14676)

molecular function
	GO:0070975	FHA domain binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a FHA domain of a protein. The FHA domain is a phosphopeptide recognition domain found in many regulatory proteins, and consists of approximately 80-100 amino acid residues folded into an 11-stranded beta sandwich.
	GO:0008022	protein C-terminus binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
	GO:0006281	DNA repair	The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
	GO:0007049	cell cycle	The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
	GO:0006974	cellular response to DNA damage stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
	GO:0006303	double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.
	GO:0031573	intra-S DNA damage checkpoint	A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.
	GO:0016925	protein sumoylation	The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
cellular component
	GO:0005694	chromosome	A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
	GO:0005925	focal adhesion	Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
	GO:0005634	nucleus	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

Chain C,D (H2AX_HUMAN | P16104)

molecular function
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
	GO:0003684	damaged DNA binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA.
	GO:0019899	enzyme binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
	GO:0042393	histone binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0046982	protein heterodimerization activity	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
biological process
	GO:0000077	DNA damage checkpoint	A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds.
	GO:0006310	DNA recombination	Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
	GO:0006281	DNA repair	The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
	GO:0007049	cell cycle	The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
	GO:0006974	cellular response to DNA damage stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
	GO:0071480	cellular response to gamma radiation	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
	GO:0090398	cellular senescence	A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.
	GO:0021987	cerebral cortex development	The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
	GO:0006342	chromatin silencing	Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.
	GO:0006302	double-strand break repair	The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.
	GO:0000724	double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
	GO:0006303	double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.
	GO:0051321	meiotic cell cycle	Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
	GO:0006334	nucleosome assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
	GO:0045739	positive regulation of DNA repair	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
	GO:0010212	response to ionizing radiation	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
	GO:0007283	spermatogenesis	The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
	GO:0016032	viral process	A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
cellular component
	GO:0001741	XY body	A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
	GO:0000785	chromatin	The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
	GO:0005694	chromosome	A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
	GO:0000781	chromosome, telomeric region	The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
	GO:0000794	condensed nuclear chromosome	A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.
	GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
	GO:0001673	male germ cell nucleus	The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males.
	GO:0000790	nuclear chromatin	The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
	GO:0000786	nucleosome	A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
	GO:0005634	nucleus	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
	GO:0005657	replication fork	The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
	GO:0035861	site of double-strand break	A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.

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		Gln A:2008 - Pro A:2009	[ RasMol ]
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	2azm
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		Orientation in Membranes	:	OPM
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	H2AX_HUMAN \| P16104
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	MDC1_HUMAN \| Q14676
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	MDC1_HUMAN \| Q14676
		Protein Disorder Prediction	:	DisEMBL \| FoldIndex \| GLOBPLOT (for more information see DisProt)

(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 2AZM)

Description

Compounds

Structural Features

Chains, Units

Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions (2, 6)

Sites (0, 0)

SS Bonds (0, 0)

Cis Peptide Bonds (2, 2)

Sequence-Structure Mapping

SAPs(SNPs)/Variants (1, 2)

PROSITE Motifs (1, 2)

Exons (6, 12)

Sequences/Alignments

Classification and Annotation

SCOP Domains (0, 0)

CATH Domains (0, 0)

Pfam Domains (0, 0)

Gene Ontology (42, 50)

Visualization

Interactive Views

Still Images

Databases and Analysis Tools

Databases

Analysis Tools

Related Entries

Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

Related Entries Specified in the PDB File