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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A PB1 DOMAIN COMPLEX OF PROTEIN KINASE C IOTA AND PAR6 ALPHA
 
Authors :  Y. Hirano, S. Yoshinaga, N. N. Suzuki, M. Horiuchi, M. Kohjima, R. Takeya, H. Sumimoto, F. Inagaki
Date :  09 Jul 04  (Deposition) - 07 Dec 04  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.50
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Kinase, Pb1 Domain, Opca Motif, Apkc, Par6, Cell Polarity, Transferase/Cell Cycle Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  Y. Hirano, S. Yoshinaga, R. Takeya, N. N. Suzuki, M. Horiuchi, M. Kohjima, H. Sumimoto, F. Inagaki
Structure Of A Cell Polarity Regulator, A Complex Between Atypical Pkc And Par6 Pb1 Domains
J. Biol. Chem. V. 280 9653 2005
PubMed-ID: 15590654  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M409823200
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PROTEIN KINASE C, IOTA TYPE
    ChainsA
    EC Number2.7.1.37
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPGEX-6P-1
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentPB1 DOMAIN
    GenePKCIOTA
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymNPKC-IOTA, ATYPICAL PROTEIN KINASE C-LAMBDA/IOTA, APKC-LAMBDA/IOTA
 
Molecule 2 - PARTITIONING DEFECTIVE-6 HOMOLOG ALPHA
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPET
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentPB1 DOMAIN
    GenePAR6ALPHA
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymPAR-6 ALPHA, PAR-6A, PAR-6, PAR6C, TAX INTERACTION PROTEIN 40, TIP-40

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1WMH)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1WMH)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1WMH)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Pro B:86 -Pro B:87

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1WMH)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PB1PS51745 PB1 domain profile.PAR6A_HUMAN15-95  1B:15-95
KPCI_HUMAN25-108  1A:16-98

(-) Exons   (6, 6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (6, 6)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1bENST000002192551bENSE00001863153chr16:67694862-67695004143PAR6A_HUMAN1-21211B:14-218
1.2ENST000002192552ENSE00000690412chr16:67695358-67695580223PAR6A_HUMAN22-96751B:22-9574
1.3aENST000002192553aENSE00001172709chr16:67695796-67696677882PAR6A_HUMAN96-3462510--

2.1ENST000002957971ENSE00001214914chr3:169940153-169940558406KPCI_HUMAN1-34341A:16-2510
2.2ENST000002957972ENSE00001214893chr3:169953018-169953139122KPCI_HUMAN34-75421A:25-6642
2.3ENST000002957973ENSE00001214886chr3:169977757-16997784690KPCI_HUMAN75-105311A:66-9631
2.4ENST000002957974ENSE00001148476chr3:169981167-16998121751KPCI_HUMAN105-122181A:96-983
2.5ENST000002957975ENSE00001148468chr3:169985703-16998578886KPCI_HUMAN122-150290--
2.6ENST000002957976ENSE00001148464chr3:169988209-169988349141KPCI_HUMAN151-197470--
2.7ENST000002957977ENSE00001075938chr3:169991074-16999112855KPCI_HUMAN198-216190--
2.8ENST000002957978ENSE00001075940chr3:169993017-16999307559KPCI_HUMAN216-235200--
2.9bENST000002957979bENSE00001148448chr3:169998015-169998191177KPCI_HUMAN236-294590--
2.10bENST0000029579710bENSE00001148444chr3:169998954-16999905198KPCI_HUMAN295-327330--
2.11bENST0000029579711bENSE00001148433chr3:169999670-16999975687KPCI_HUMAN327-356300--
2.12ENST0000029579712ENSE00001148423chr3:170002249-170002384136KPCI_HUMAN356-401460--
2.13bENST0000029579713bENSE00001075955chr3:170009642-17000972988KPCI_HUMAN402-431300--
2.14cENST0000029579714cENSE00001075932chr3:170011171-170011296126KPCI_HUMAN431-473430--
2.15ENST0000029579715ENSE00001075936chr3:170013699-17001377880KPCI_HUMAN473-499270--
2.16bENST0000029579716bENSE00001148389chr3:170015092-17001518190KPCI_HUMAN500-529300--
2.17ENST0000029579717ENSE00001148380chr3:170016783-170016898116KPCI_HUMAN530-568390--
2.18cENST0000029579718cENSE00001868699chr3:170020828-1700237692942KPCI_HUMAN568-596290--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:83
 aligned with KPCI_HUMAN | P41743 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:596

    Alignment length:83
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104   
           KPCI_HUMAN    25 QVRVKAYYRGDIMITHFEPSISFEGLCNEVRDMCSFDNEQLFTMKWIDEEGDPCTVSSQLELEEAFRLYELNKDSELLIHVFP 107
               SCOP domains d1wmha_ A: Protein kinase C, iota type                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1wmhA00 A:16-98  [code=3.10.20.240, no name defined]                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains PB1-1wmhA01 A:16-98                                                                 Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .eeeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhh........eeeee.....eee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) PB1  PDB: A:16-98 UniProt: 25-108                                                   PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 2 (1) Exon 2.1  ----------------------------------------Exon 2.3  PDB: A:66-96         -- Transcript 2 (1)
           Transcript 2 (2) ---------Exon 2.2  PDB: A:25-66 UniProt: 34-75     -----------------------------2.4 Transcript 2 (2)
                 1wmh A  16 QVRVKAYYRGDIMITHFEPSISFEGLCNEVRDMCSFDNEQLFTMKWIDEEGDPCTVSSQLELEEAFRLYELNKDSELLIHVFP  98
                                    25        35        45        55        65        75        85        95   

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:82
 aligned with PAR6A_HUMAN | Q9NPB6 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:346

    Alignment length:82
                                    23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93  
          PAR6A_HUMAN    14 SIVEVKSKFDAEFRRFALPRASVSGFQEFSRLLRAVHQIPGLDVLLGYTDAHGDLLPLTNDDSLHRALASGPPPLRLLVQKR  95
               SCOP domains d1wmhb_ B: Partitioning defective-6 homolog alpha, PAR-6 alpha                     SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1wmhB00 B:14-95  [code=3.10.20.240, no name defined]                               CATH domains
               Pfam domains -PB1-1wmhB01 B:15-95                                                               Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .eeeeeeee..eeeeeeee.hhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......eeeee.....eee..hhhhhhhhh......eeeeee.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -PB1  PDB: B:15-95 UniProt: 15-95                                                  PROSITE
               Transcript 1 1.1b    Exon 1.2  PDB: B:22-95 UniProt: 22-96 [INCOMPLETE]                         Transcript 1
                 1wmh B  14 SIVEVKSKFDAEFRRFALPRASVSGFQEFSRLLRAVHQIPGLDVLLGYTDAHGDLLPLTNDDSLHRALASGPPPLRLLVQKR  95
                                    23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93  

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Clan: Ubiquitin (279)
(-)
Family: PB1 (15)

(-) Gene Ontology  (76, 86)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (KPCI_HUMAN | P41743)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0016301    kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0005543    phospholipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
    GO:0004697    protein kinase C activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0004674    protein serine/threonine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
    GO:0016740    transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
biological process
    GO:0048194    Golgi vesicle budding    The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
    GO:0007015    actin filament organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
    GO:0070830    bicellular tight junction assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.
    GO:0016477    cell migration    The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
    GO:0045216    cell-cell junction organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
    GO:0034613    cellular protein localization    Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
    GO:0032869    cellular response to insulin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0007010    cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
    GO:0035089    establishment of apical/basal cell polarity    The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.
    GO:0045197    establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity    Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
    GO:0042462    eye photoreceptor cell development    Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.
    GO:0035556    intracellular signal transduction    The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
    GO:0061024    membrane organization    A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0034351    negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
    GO:0043524    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:0018105    peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
    GO:0016310    phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
    GO:0051092    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
    GO:2000353    positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
    GO:0090004    positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
    GO:0060252    positive regulation of glial cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
    GO:0046326    positive regulation of glucose import    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
    GO:0010976    positive regulation of neuron projection development    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0006468    protein phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
    GO:0006612    protein targeting to membrane    The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
    GO:0070555    response to interleukin-1    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
    GO:0043434    response to peptide hormone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
    GO:0046903    secretion    The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue.
    GO:0016192    vesicle-mediated transport    A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
cellular component
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0043220    Schmidt-Lanterman incisure    Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
    GO:0045177    apical part of cell    The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
    GO:0016324    apical plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
    GO:0005923    bicellular tight junction    An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.
    GO:0031252    cell leading edge    The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0045171    intercellular bridge    A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0015630    microtubule cytoskeleton    The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

Chain B   (PAR6A_HUMAN | Q9NPB6)
molecular function
    GO:0030742    GTP-dependent protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP.
    GO:0017048    Rho GTPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rho protein, any member of the Rho subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases. Proteins in the Rho subfamily are involved in relaying signals from cell-surface receptors to the actin cytoskeleton.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0005080    protein kinase C binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase C.
    GO:0008134    transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
biological process
    GO:0060071    Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.
    GO:0070830    bicellular tight junction assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.
    GO:0007049    cell cycle    The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
    GO:0051301    cell division    The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
    GO:0045217    cell-cell junction maintenance    The maintenance of junctions between cells.
    GO:0001933    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0060341    regulation of cellular localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
    GO:0007179    transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0016032    viral process    A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
cellular component
    GO:0015629    actin cytoskeleton    The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
    GO:0045177    apical part of cell    The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
    GO:0044295    axonal growth cone    The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.
    GO:0005923    bicellular tight junction    An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.
    GO:0005938    cell cortex    The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
    GO:0030054    cell junction    A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0043025    neuronal cell body    The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
    GO:0001726    ruffle    Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.

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        KPCI_HUMAN | P417431vd2 1zrz 3a8w 3a8x 3zh8 5li1 5li9 5lih

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1ipg 1oey 1q1o 1vd2