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(-)Theoretical Model
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Theoretical Model  (Jmol Viewer)

(-) Description

Title :  THEORETICAL MODEL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN CYCLOOXGENASE-2
 
Authors :  S. Mahanta, P. K. Sarma, A. K. Buragohain
Date :  02 Apr 04  (Deposition) - 06 Apr 04  (Release) - 06 Apr 04  (Revision)
Method :  THEORETICAL MODEL
Resolution :  NOT APPLICABLE
Chains :  Theor. Model :  A
Keywords :  Oxidoreductase, Dioxygenase, Peroxidase, Glycoprotein, Prostaglandin Biosynthesis, Heme, Iron (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  S. Mahanta, P. K. Sarma, A. K. Buragohain
Theoretical Model Structure Of Human Cyclooxgenase-2
To Be Published
PubMed: search
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PROSTAGLANDIN G/H SYNTHASE 2
    ChainsA
    EC Number1.14.99.1
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    SynonymCYCLOOXYGENASE-2, COX-2, PGH SYNTHASE 2, PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASE 2, PGHS-2, PHS II, PROSTAGLANDIN H2 SYNTHASE 2

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  
Theoretical Model 

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1V0X)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1V0X)

(-) SS Bonds  (5, 5)

Theoretical Model
No.Residues
1A:21 -A:32
2A:22 -A:145
3A:26 -A:42
4A:44 -A:54
5A:555 -A:561

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (1, 1)

Theoretical Model
No.Residues
1Ser A:112 -Pro A:113

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (5, 5)

Theoretical Model (5, 5)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_016262R228HPGH2_HUMANPolymorphism3218622AR228H
2UniProtVAR_016263P428APGH2_HUMANPolymorphism4648279AP428A
3UniProtVAR_011980E488GPGH2_HUMANPolymorphism5272AE488G
4UniProtVAR_011981V511APGH2_HUMANPolymorphism5273AV511A
5UniProtVAR_016264G587RPGH2_HUMANPolymorphism3218625AG587R

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 2)

Theoretical Model (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1EGF_3PS50026 EGF-like domain profile.PGH2_HUMAN17-55  1A:17-55
2PEROXIDASE_3PS50292 Animal heme peroxidase superfamily profile.PGH2_HUMAN97-598  1A:97-598

(-) Exons   (10, 10)

Theoretical Model (10, 10)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1bENST000003674681bENSE00002152147chr1:186649555-186649371185PGH2_HUMAN1-18181A:1-1818
1.2ENST000003674682ENSE00000823081chr1:186648570-186648454117PGH2_HUMAN18-57401A:18-5740
1.3ENST000003674683ENSE00000790910chr1:186648333-186648190144PGH2_HUMAN57-105491A:57-10549
1.4ENST000003674684ENSE00000790909chr1:186647536-186647393144PGH2_HUMAN105-153491A:105-15349
1.5aENST000003674685aENSE00000790908chr1:186646962-186646781182PGH2_HUMAN153-213611A:153-21361
1.6ENST000003674686ENSE00000790907chr1:186646048-18664596584PGH2_HUMAN214-241281A:214-24128
1.7aENST000003674687aENSE00000790906chr1:186645845-186645599247PGH2_HUMAN242-324831A:242-32483
1.7cENST000003674687cENSE00000790905chr1:186645316-186645030287PGH2_HUMAN324-419961A:324-41996
1.8bENST000003674688bENSE00000790904chr1:186644528-186644381148PGH2_HUMAN420-469501A:420-46950
1.9bENST000003674689bENSE00001859883chr1:186643894-1866409232972PGH2_HUMAN469-6041361A:469-604136

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Theoretical Model
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:604
 aligned with PGH2_HUMAN | P35354 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:604

    Alignment length:604
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320       330       340       350       360       370       380       390       400       410       420       430       440       450       460       470       480       490       500       510       520       530       540       550       560       570       580       590       600    
           PGH2_HUMAN     1 MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFLTRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADYGYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGSNMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKYQIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCDVLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQNRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRVAGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEALYGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEVGFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKERSTEL 604
               SCOP domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..............................eeee.....eeee.....ee.....eehhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...............hhhhhhh............................hhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhh......................hhhhhh.hhhhhhhhh.........eee..eee..hhhhhh.........hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhh..........hhhhhhhh.hhhhh...eee..eeehhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhh.............................................. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A-----------------------------------------------------------G----------------------A---------------------------------------------------------------------------R----------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------EGF_3  PDB: A:17-55 UniProt: 17-55     -----------------------------------------PEROXIDASE_3  PDB: A:97-598 UniProt: 97-598                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ------ PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1b         --------------------------------------Exon 1.3  PDB: A:57-105 UniProt: 57-105          -----------------------------------------------Exon 1.5a  PDB: A:153-213 UniProt: 153-213                   Exon 1.6  PDB: A:214-241    Exon 1.7a  PDB: A:242-324 UniProt: 242-324                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8b  PDB: A:420-469 UniProt: 420-469        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -----------------Exon 1.2  PDB: A:18-57 UniProt: 18-57   -----------------------------------------------Exon 1.4  PDB: A:105-153 UniProt: 105-153        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.7c  PDB: A:324-419 UniProt: 324-419                                                      -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9b  PDB: A:469-604 UniProt: 469-604                                                                                               Transcript 1 (2)
                 1v0x A   1 MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFLTRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADYGYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGSNMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKYQIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCDVLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQNRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRVAGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEALYGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEVGFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKERSTEL 604
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320       330       340       350       360       370       380       390       400       410       420       430       440       450       460       470       480       490       500       510       520       530       540       550       560       570       580       590       600    

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 1V0X)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 1V0X)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1V0X)

(-) Gene Ontology  (93, 93)

Theoretical Model(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (PGH2_HUMAN | P35354)
molecular function
    GO:0050473    arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate.
    GO:0051213    dioxygenase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which both atoms of oxygen from one molecule of O2 are incorporated into the (reduced) product(s) of the reaction. The two atoms of oxygen may be distributed between two different products.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0020037    heme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
    GO:0008289    lipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0016702    oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and two oxygen atoms is incorporated into a donor.
    GO:0004601    peroxidase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: donor + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized donor + 2 H2O.
    GO:0004666    prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
biological process
    GO:0001525    angiogenesis    Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
    GO:0030282    bone mineralization    The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.
    GO:0050873    brown fat cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
    GO:0098869    cellular oxidant detoxification    Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity superoxide radicals or hydrogen peroxide.
    GO:0071318    cellular response to ATP    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
    GO:0034644    cellular response to UV    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
    GO:0071498    cellular response to fluid shear stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
    GO:0071456    cellular response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0019371    cyclooxygenase pathway    The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2.
    GO:0046697    decidualization    The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.
    GO:0007566    embryo implantation    Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.
    GO:0006633    fatty acid biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
    GO:0006631    fatty acid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
    GO:0042633    hair cycle    The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
    GO:0006954    inflammatory response    The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
    GO:0007612    learning    Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
    GO:0006629    lipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
    GO:0019372    lipoxygenase pathway    The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.
    GO:0035633    maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier    Preserving the permeability barrier between the blood and the brain in a stable functional or structural state. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
    GO:0007613    memory    The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).
    GO:0006928    movement of cell or subcellular component    The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.
    GO:0051926    negative regulation of calcium ion transport    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0045786    negative regulation of cell cycle    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0045986    negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
    GO:0032227    negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
    GO:0006769    nicotinamide metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms.
    GO:0030728    ovulation    The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
    GO:0042346    positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0090336    positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
    GO:0010942    positive regulation of cell death    Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
    GO:0090050    positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0031622    positive regulation of fever generation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.
    GO:0090271    positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
    GO:0045429    positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
    GO:0090362    positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
    GO:0031394    positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
    GO:0048661    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0045987    positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
    GO:0031915    positive regulation of synaptic plasticity    A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
    GO:0051968    positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
    GO:0071636    positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
    GO:0010575    positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production    Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
    GO:0045907    positive regulation of vasoconstriction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
    GO:0001516    prostaglandin biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
    GO:0006693    prostaglandin metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
    GO:0008217    regulation of blood pressure    Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
    GO:0042127    regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0050727    regulation of inflammatory response    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
    GO:0034097    response to cytokine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0032355    response to estradiol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
    GO:0070542    response to fatty acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
    GO:0009750    response to fructose    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.
    GO:0051384    response to glucocorticoid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
    GO:0032496    response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0010226    response to lithium ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
    GO:0010042    response to manganese ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0010033    response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0010243    response to organonitrogen compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
    GO:0006979    response to oxidative stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0009314    response to radiation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
    GO:0034612    response to tumor necrosis factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
    GO:0033280    response to vitamin D    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
    GO:0019233    sensory perception of pain    The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.
cellular component
    GO:0005901    caveola    A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0005788    endoplasmic reticulum lumen    The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0043231    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle    Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0043005    neuron projection    A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0031090    organelle membrane    A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

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        PGH2_HUMAN | P353545f19 5f1a 5ikq 5ikr 5ikt 5ikv 5kir

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