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(-)Theoretical Model
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Theoretical Model  (Jmol Viewer)

(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURAL MODEL OF THE WILDTYPE HUMAN SOX9-DNA COMPLEX
 
Authors :  S. Ranganathan, S. Mcdowall, A. Argentaro, P. Weller, S. Mertin, S. Mansour, J. Tolmie, V. Harley
Date :  14 May 99  (Deposition) - 20 May 99  (Release) - 01 Apr 03  (Revision)
Method :  THEORETICAL MODEL
Resolution :  NOT APPLICABLE
Chains :  Theor. Model :  A,B,C
Keywords :  Complex (Dna-Binding Protein/Dna) (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  S. Mcdowall, A. Argentaro, S. Ranganathan, P. Weller, S. Mertin, S. Mansour, J. Tolmie, V. Harley
Functional And Structural Studies Of Wild Type Sox9 And Mutations Causing Campomelic Dysplasia.
J. Biol. Chem. V. 274 24023 1999
PubMed: search
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - DNA (5'-D(*GP*CP*AP*CP*AP*AP*AP*C)-3')
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 2 - DNA (5'-D(*GP*TP*TP*TP*GP*TP*GP*C)-3')
    ChainsC
    EngineeredYES
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 3 - PROTEIN (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX9)
    ChainsA
    FragmentDNA-BINDING DOMAIN
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    TissueTESTIS

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  
Theoretical Model 

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1SX9)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1SX9)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1SX9)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (1, 1)

Theoretical Model
No.Residues
1Gln A:75 -Pro A:76

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (17, 17)

Theoretical Model (17, 17)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_003735P108LSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AP8L
02UniProtVAR_003736F112LSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AF12L
03UniProtVAR_003737F112SSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AF12S
04UniProtVAR_063643M113TSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AM13T
05UniProtVAR_063644M113VSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AM13V
06UniProtVAR_003738A119VSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AA19V
07UniProtVAR_003739W143RSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AW43R
08UniProtVAR_003740R152PSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AR52P
09UniProtVAR_008529F154LSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)137853129AF54L
10UniProtVAR_008530A158TSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)137853130AA58T
11UniProtVAR_063645H165QSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AH65Q
12UniProtVAR_008531H165YSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)28940282AH65Y
13UniProtVAR_078491H169PSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AH69P
14UniProtVAR_078492H169QSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AH69Q
15UniProtVAR_063646P170LSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AP70L
16UniProtVAR_003741P170RSOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)  ---AP70R
17UniProtVAR_063647K173ESOX9_HUMANDisease (CMD1)104894647AK73E

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

Theoretical Model (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1HMG_BOX_2PS50118 HMG boxes A and B DNA-binding domains profile.SOX9_HUMAN105-173  1A:5-73

(-) Exons   (2, 2)

Theoretical Model (2, 2)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENST000002454791ENSE00000855029chr17:70117161-70117963803SOX9_HUMAN1-1441441A:1-4444
1.2ENST000002454792ENSE00000855030chr17:70118860-70119113254SOX9_HUMAN144-229861A:44-7734
1.3bENST000002454793bENSE00001012847chr17:70119684-701225612878SOX9_HUMAN229-5092810--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Theoretical Model
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:77
 aligned with SOX9_HUMAN | P48436 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:509

    Alignment length:77
                                   110       120       130       140       150       160       170       
           SOX9_HUMAN   101 NKPHVKRPMNAFMVWAQAARRKLADQYPHLHNAELSKTLGKLWRLLNESEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHKKDHPDYKYQPR 177
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........ Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) -------L---LT-----V-----------------------R--------P-L---T------Q---PL--E---- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -----------SV---------------------------------------------------Y---QR------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ----HMG_BOX_2  PDB: A:5-73 UniProt: 105-173                              ---- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1  PDB: A:1-44 UniProt: 1-144        --------------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -------------------------------------------Exon 1.2  PDB: A:44-77             Transcript 1 (2)
                 1sx9 A   1 NKPHVKRPMNAFMVWAQAARRKLADQYPHLHNAELSKTLGKLWRLLNESEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHKKDHPDYKYQPR  77
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70       

Chain B from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:8
                                        
                 1sx9 B   1 GCACAAAC   8

Chain C from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:8
                                        
                 1sx9 C   9 GTTTGTGC  16

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 1SX9)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 1SX9)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1SX9)

(-) Gene Ontology  (153, 153)

Theoretical Model(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (SOX9_HUMAN | P48436)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0000981    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0043425    bHLH transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.
    GO:0008013    beta-catenin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.
    GO:0003682    chromatin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
    GO:0001046    core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
    GO:0035326    enhancer binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter.
    GO:0001158    enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter.
    GO:0097157    pre-mRNA intronic binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0034236    protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003705    transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0044212    transcription regulatory region DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
    GO:0000976    transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
    GO:0001077    transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
    GO:0001228    transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the transcription regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
biological process
    GO:0070371    ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
    GO:0070384    Harderian gland development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.
    GO:0007219    Notch signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0060009    Sertoli cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate.
    GO:0060008    Sertoli cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
    GO:0060018    astrocyte fate commitment    The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.
    GO:0001658    branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis    The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
    GO:0060532    bronchus cartilage development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
    GO:0019933    cAMP-mediated signaling    Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
    GO:0001502    cartilage condensation    The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.
    GO:0051216    cartilage development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0045165    cell fate commitment    The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
    GO:0001708    cell fate specification    The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
    GO:0071364    cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0071504    cellular response to heparin    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.
    GO:0071347    cellular response to interleukin-1    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0071300    cellular response to retinoic acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
    GO:0071560    cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
    GO:0007417    central nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
    GO:0002063    chondrocyte development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
    GO:0002062    chondrocyte differentiation    The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
    GO:0003413    chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis    The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
    GO:0003415    chondrocyte hypertrophy    The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.
    GO:0006338    chromatin remodeling    Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.
    GO:0090103    cochlea morphogenesis    The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.
    GO:0007010    cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
    GO:0003203    endocardial cushion morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
    GO:0060350    endochondral bone morphogenesis    The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
    GO:0031018    endocrine pancreas development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
    GO:0007173    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0060517    epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation    The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.
    GO:0001837    epithelial to mesenchymal transition    A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
    GO:0060441    epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis    The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
    GO:0030198    extracellular matrix organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
    GO:0001942    hair follicle development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0003170    heart valve development    The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.
    GO:0003188    heart valve formation    The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
    GO:0003179    heart valve morphogenesis    The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.
    GO:0048873    homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue    Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.
    GO:0060729    intestinal epithelial structure maintenance    A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
    GO:0035622    intrahepatic bile duct development    The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).
    GO:0032808    lacrimal gland development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.
    GO:0060174    limb bud formation    The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.
    GO:0060487    lung epithelial cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.
    GO:0061145    lung smooth muscle development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0019100    male germ-line sex determination    The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.
    GO:0008584    male gonad development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0030238    male sex determination    The specification of male sex of an individual organism.
    GO:0030879    mammary gland development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.
    GO:0072289    metanephric nephron tubule formation    The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.
    GO:0072170    metanephric tubule development    The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.
    GO:0061138    morphogenesis of a branching epithelium    The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0070168    negative regulation of biomineral tissue development    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
    GO:0030502    negative regulation of bone mineralization    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
    GO:0090090    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0032331    negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0030857    negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
    GO:0050680    negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0010629    negative regulation of gene expression    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0002683    negative regulation of immune system process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
    GO:2001054    negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.
    GO:0045662    negative regulation of myoblast differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
    GO:0030279    negative regulation of ossification    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
    GO:0046533    negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0014032    neural crest cell development    The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0030903    notochord development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
    GO:0006334    nucleosome assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
    GO:0048709    oligodendrocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.
    GO:0001503    ossification    The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
    GO:0071599    otic vesicle development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
    GO:0030916    otic vesicle formation    The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
    GO:0090190    positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
    GO:0061036    positive regulation of cartilage development    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:2000138    positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
    GO:0032332    positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0030858    positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
    GO:0010634    positive regulation of epithelial cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
    GO:0050679    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:1901203    positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0090184    positive regulation of kidney development    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
    GO:2000020    positive regulation of male gonad development    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.
    GO:0002053    positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation    The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
    GO:2000741    positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
    GO:0014068    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0045732    positive regulation of protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
    GO:0001934    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0030850    prostate gland development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
    GO:0060512    prostate gland morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.
    GO:0006461    protein complex assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex.
    GO:0043491    protein kinase B signaling    A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
    GO:0034504    protein localization to nucleus    A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.
    GO:0042981    regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0061046    regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
    GO:0030155    regulation of cell adhesion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0010564    regulation of cell cycle process    Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
    GO:0045595    regulation of cell differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
    GO:0042127    regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0060784    regulation of cell proliferation involved in tissue homeostasis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue.
    GO:2000794    regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0072034    renal vesicle induction    Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.
    GO:0060041    retina development in camera-type eye    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
    GO:0060221    retinal rod cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell.
    GO:0007165    signal transduction    The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
    GO:0016337    single organismal cell-cell adhesion    The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism.
    GO:0001501    skeletal system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
    GO:0035019    somatic stem cell population maintenance    Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
    GO:0007283    spermatogenesis    The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
    GO:0001894    tissue homeostasis    A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
    GO:0060534    trachea cartilage development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
    GO:0006366    transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0072189    ureter development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.
    GO:0072197    ureter morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
    GO:0072193    ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.
    GO:0072190    ureter urothelium development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.
cellular component
    GO:0044798    nuclear transcription factor complex    A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
    GO:0005667    transcription factor complex    A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.

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