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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE RECEPTOR-LIGAND COMPLEX BETWEEN NERVE GROWTH FACTOR AND THE COMMON NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTOR P75
 
Authors :  X. L. He, K. C. Garcia
Date :  22 Feb 04  (Deposition) - 01 Jun 04  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.40
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,X
Keywords :  Nerve Growth Factor, Ngf, P75, Neurotrophin, Common Neurotrophin Receptor, Crystal Structure, Growth Factor Receptor, Receptor/Ligand Complex, Hormone/Growth Factor/Membrane Protein Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  X. L. He, K. C. Garcia
Structure Of Nerve Growth Factor Complexed With The Shared Neurotrophin Receptor P75
Science V. 304 870 2004
PubMed-ID: 15131306  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.1095190
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - BETA-NERVE GROWTH FACTOR
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    GeneNGFB
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymBETA-NGF
 
Molecule 2 - TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 16
    ChainsX
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemUNIDENTIFIED BACULOVIRUS
    Expression System PlasmidPACGP67A
    Expression System StrainTN5
    Expression System Taxid10469
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    GeneP75
    Organism CommonNORWAY RAT
    Organism ScientificRATTUS NORVEGICUS
    Organism Taxid10116
    SynonymLOW- AFFINITY NERVE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR, NGF RECEPTOR, GP80-LNGFR, P75 ICD, LOW AFFINITY NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTOR P75NTR

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  123
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABX

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION

(-) Sites  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREVAL A:109 , CYS A:110 , CYS B:110BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL A 551

(-) SS Bonds  (18, 18)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1A:15 -A:80
2A:58 -A:108
3A:68 -A:110
4B:15 -B:80
5B:58 -B:108
6B:68 -B:110
7X:4 -X:15
8X:16 -X:29
9X:19 -X:36
10X:39 -X:55
11X:58 -X:71
12X:61 -X:79
13X:81 -X:94
14X:97 -X:110
15X:100 -X:118
16X:121 -X:136
17X:139 -X:152
18X:142 -X:160

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1SG1)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_030659R221WNGF_HUMANDisease (HSAN5)11466112A/BR100W

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (3, 9)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 9)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1TNFR_NGFR_2PS50050 TNFR/NGFR family cysteine-rich region domain profile.TNR16_RAT32-65
67-108
109-147
149-189
  4X:3-36
X:38-79
X:80-118
X:120-160
2TNFR_NGFR_1PS00652 TNFR/NGFR family cysteine-rich region signature.TNR16_RAT68-108
108-147
150-189
  3X:39-79
X:79-118
X:121-160
3NGF_1PS00248 Nerve growth factor family signature.NGF_HUMAN188-201
 
  2A:67-80
B:67-80

(-) Exons   (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENST000003695121ENSE00001020911chr1:115880857-11588082533NGF_HUMAN-00--
1.2ENST000003695122ENSE00001020912chr1:115836371-115836248124NGF_HUMAN-00--
1.3ENST000003695123ENSE00001450208chr1:115829428-115828539890NGF_HUMAN1-2452452A:11-115 (gaps)
B:9-116 (gaps)
105
108

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:99
 aligned with NGF_HUMAN | P01138 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:241

    Alignment length:105
                                   141       151       161       171       181       191       201       211       221       231     
            NGF_HUMAN   132 EFSVCDSVSVWVGDKTTATDIKGKEVMVLGEVNINNSVFKQYFFETKCRDPNPVDSGCRGIDSKHWNSYCTTTHTFVKALTMDGKQAAWRFIRIDTACVCVLSRK 236
               SCOP domains d1sg1a_ A: beta-Nerve growth factor                                                                       SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1sg1A00 A:11-115 Cystine-knot cytokines                                                                   CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .ee...eeeeee....eee.....eee...eee....eee..eeeeee..------.........eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee......eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W--------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------------------------------------------------------NGF_1         ----------------------------------- PROSITE (3)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.3  PDB: A:11-115 (gaps) UniProt: 1-245 [INCOMPLETE]                                                Transcript 1
                 1sg1 A  11 EFSVCDSVSVWVGDKTTATDIKGKEVMVLGEVNINNSVFKQYFFETKCRD------GCRGIDSKHWNSYCTTTHTFVKALTMDGKQAAWRFIRIDTACVCVLSRK 115
                                    20        30        40        50        60      | 70        80        90       100       110     
                                                                            60     67                                                

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:102
 aligned with NGF_HUMAN | P01138 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:241

    Alignment length:108
                                   139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229        
            NGF_HUMAN   130 RGEFSVCDSVSVWVGDKTTATDIKGKEVMVLGEVNINNSVFKQYFFETKCRDPNPVDSGCRGIDSKHWNSYCTTTHTFVKALTMDGKQAAWRFIRIDTACVCVLSRKA 237
               SCOP domains d1sg1b_ B: beta-Nerve growth factor                                                                          SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1sg1B00 B:9-116 Cystine-knot cytokines                                                                       CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) NGF-1sg1B01 B:9-116                                                                                          Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) NGF-1sg1B02 B:9-116                                                                                          Pfam domains (2)
         Sec.struct. author ...ee....eeeee....eee.....eeee...ee....ee...eeeee...------.........eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee....eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W---------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) ----------------------------------------------------------NGF_1         ------------------------------------ PROSITE (3)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.3  PDB: B:9-116 (gaps) UniProt: 1-245 [INCOMPLETE]                                                    Transcript 1
                 1sg1 B   9 RGEFSVCDSVSVWVGDKTTATDIKGKEVMVLGEVNINNSVFKQYFFETKCRD------GCRGIDSKHWNSYCTTTHTFVKALTMDGKQAAWRFIRIDTACVCVLSRKA 116
                                    18        28        38        48        58 |      68        78        88        98       108        
                                                                              60     67                                                 

Chain X from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:160
 aligned with TNR16_RAT | P07174 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:425

    Alignment length:160
                                    40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190
            TNR16_RAT    31 ETCSTGLYTHSGECCKACNLGEGVAQPCGANQTVCEPCLDNVTFSDVVSATEPCKPCTECLGLQSMSAPCVEADDAVCRCAYGYYQDEETGHCEACSVCEVGSGLVFSCQDKQNTVCEECPEGTYSDEANHVDPCLPCTVCEDTERQLRECTPWADAECE 190
               SCOP domains d1sg1x1 X:2-56                                         d1sg1x2 X:57-95                        d1sg1x3 X:96-137                          d1sg1x4 X:138-161        SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1sg1X01 X:2-82 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor, subunit A, domain 2               1sg1X02 X:83-161 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor, subunit A, domain 2            CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TNFR_c6-1sg1X01 X:121-160               - Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TNFR_c6-1sg1X02 X:121-160               - Pfam domains (2)
           Pfam domains (3) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TNFR_c6-1sg1X03 X:121-160               - Pfam domains (3)
         Sec.struct. author .....................eeeee.......eeee.....ee..........ee.......eeeee........eeee...eee......eee.......eeeee........eeee....ee..........ee....................... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) -TNFR_NGFR_2  PDB: X:3-36          -TNFR_NGFR_2  PDB: X:38-79 UniProt: 67-108 TNFR_NGFR_2  PDB: X:80-118             -TNFR_NGFR_2  PDB: X:120-160              - PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -------------------------------------TNFR_NGFR_1  PDB: X:39-79 UniProt: 68-108-----------------------------------------TNFR_NGFR_1  PDB: X:121-160             - PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------TNFR_NGFR_1  PDB: X:79-118              ------------------------------------------- PROSITE (3)
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1sg1 X   2 ETCSTGLYTHSGECCKACNLGEGVAQPCGANQTVCEPCLDNVTFSDVVSATEPCKPCTECLGLQSMSAPCVEADDAVCRCAYGYYQDEETGHCEACSVCEVGSGLVFSCQDKQNTVCEECPEGTYSDEANHVDPCLPCTVCEDTERQLRECTPWADAECE 161
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (2, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Mainly Beta (13760)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 5)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Gene Ontology  (92, 96)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (NGF_HUMAN | P01138)
molecular function
    GO:0004857    enzyme inhibitor activity    Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
    GO:0008083    growth factor activity    The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
    GO:0008191    metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity    Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.
    GO:0005163    nerve growth factor receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the nerve growth factor receptor.
    GO:0030414    peptidase inhibitor activity    Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
biological process
    GO:0000186    activation of MAPKK activity    The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK).
    GO:0006919    activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.
    GO:0007267    cell-cell signaling    Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
    GO:0008625    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors    A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0007018    microtubule-based movement    A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0043154    negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
    GO:0043524    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:0010466    negative regulation of peptidase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
    GO:0032455    nerve growth factor processing    The generation of a mature nerve growth factor (NGF) by proteolysis of a precursor.
    GO:0048812    neuron projection morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
    GO:0048011    neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0048015    phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling    A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0050772    positive regulation of axonogenesis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0043281    regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
    GO:0045664    regulation of neuron differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
    GO:0007169    transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
    GO:0005796    Golgi lumen    The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

Chain X   (TNR16_RAT | P07174)
molecular function
    GO:0017137    Rab GTPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rab protein, any member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
    GO:0001540    amyloid-beta binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with amyloid-beta peptide/protein and/or its precursor.
    GO:0048406    nerve growth factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nerve growth factor (NGF).
    GO:0005168    neurotrophin TRKA receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the neurotrophin TRKA receptor.
    GO:0043121    neurotrophin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.
    GO:0070678    preprotein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a preprotein, the unprocessed form of a protein destined to undergo co- or post-translational processing.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0005031    tumor necrosis factor-activated receptor activity    Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.
biological process
    GO:0006915    apoptotic process    A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
    GO:0097190    apoptotic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0007411    axon guidance    The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0034599    cellular response to oxidative stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0032922    circadian regulation of gene expression    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
    GO:0042593    glucose homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
    GO:0006955    immune response    Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
    GO:0006954    inflammatory response    The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
    GO:0006886    intracellular protein transport    The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0016525    negative regulation of angiogenesis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0045786    negative regulation of cell cycle    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0061000    negative regulation of dendritic spine development    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0051902    negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
    GO:0043524    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:0010977    negative regulation of neuron projection development    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0043410    positive regulation of MAPK cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
    GO:0035025    positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:2000463    positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential    Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
    GO:0031643    positive regulation of myelination    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
    GO:2000179    positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
    GO:1901216    positive regulation of neuron death    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:0045666    positive regulation of neuron differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
    GO:0010976    positive regulation of neuron projection development    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0051897    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
    GO:0032224    positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
    GO:0051968    positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
    GO:0010941    regulation of cell death    Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
    GO:2001273    regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
    GO:2000377    regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
    GO:0032496    response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0009611    response to wounding    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
    GO:0048511    rhythmic process    Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.
    GO:0019233    sensory perception of pain    The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.
    GO:0007165    signal transduction    The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
    GO:0035914    skeletal muscle cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
    GO:0033209    tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0045334    clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle    A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
    GO:0030135    coated vesicle    Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0032590    dendrite membrane    The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite.
    GO:0009897    external side of plasma membrane    The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005887    integral component of plasma membrane    The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0045121    membrane raft    Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0032809    neuronal cell body membrane    The plasma membrane of a neuron cell body - excludes the plasma membrane of cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
    GO:0005635    nuclear envelope    The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0043204    perikaryon    The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0005791    rough endoplasmic reticulum    The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

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        NGF_HUMAN | P011381www 2ifg 4edw 4edx 4zbn 5jz7
        TNR16_RAT | P071741ngr 2mic 2mjo 3buk 3ij2 4f42 4f44

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 1SG1)