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(-) Description

Title :  MOLECULAR BASIS OF ALLOSTERIC ACTIVATION OF BACTERIAL L-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
 
Authors :  S. Iwata, T. Ohta
Date :  08 Jun 92  (Deposition) - 31 Jan 94  (Release) - 26 Feb 14  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.00
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (2x)
Keywords :  Oxidoreductase(Choh (D)-Nad (A)), Oxidoreductase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )
 
Reference :  S. Iwata, T. Ohta
Molecular Basis Of Allosteric Activation Of Bacterial L-Lactate Dehydrogenase.
J. Mol. Biol. V. 230 21 1993
PubMed-ID: 8450537  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1006/JMBI.1993.1122
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - L-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
    Chains: A, B
    EC Number: 1.1.1.27
    Engineered: YES
    Expression System Vector Type: BACTERIAL
    Organism Scientific: BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM SUBSP. LONGUM
    Organism Taxid: 1679
    Strain: SUBSP. LONGUM

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit : AB
Biological Unit 1 (2x): AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1NAD2Ligand/IonNICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE
Biological Unit 1 (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1NAD4Ligand/IonNICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREGLY A:16 , ALA A:17 , VAL A:18 , ASP A:39 , ILE A:40 , ARG A:44 , THR A:82 , ALA A:83 , GLY A:84 , ILE A:107 , ASN A:125 , HIS A:180 , ASN A:237 , ILE A:240 , HOH A:324 , HOH A:340 , HOH A:356 , HOH A:360 , HOH A:386 , HOH A:396BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NAD A 320
2AC2SOFTWAREGLY B:16 , ALA B:17 , VAL B:18 , ASP B:39 , ILE B:40 , THR B:82 , ALA B:83 , GLY B:84 , ARG B:86 , ILE B:107 , ILE B:123 , THR B:124 , ASN B:125 , HIS B:180 , ASN B:237 , ILE B:240 , HOH B:338 , HOH B:339 , HOH B:347BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NAD B 320
3ANDAUTHORILE A:13 , GLY A:14 , ALA A:17 , VAL A:18 , ASP A:39 , ILE A:40 , ARG A:44 , ALA A:83 , ILE A:103 , ILE A:107 , ILE A:123 , ASN A:125 , ILE A:229 , ILE A:230 , ILE A:240RESIDUES FORMING THE NADH BINDING SITES OF A SUBUNIT
4BNDAUTHORILE B:13 , GLY B:14 , ALA B:17 , VAL B:18 , ASP B:39 , ILE B:40 , ALA B:83 , ARG B:86 , ILE A:103 , ILE A:107 , ILE A:123 , ASN A:125 , ILE A:229 , ILE A:230 , ILE A:240RESIDUES FORMING THE NADH BINDING SITES OF B SUBUNIT

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1LLD)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Asn A:125 -Pro A:126
2Asn B:125 -Pro B:126

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1LLD)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1L_LDHPS00064 L-lactate dehydrogenase active site.LDH2_BIFL2178-184
 		  2A:177-183
B:177-183
LDH2_BIFLO178-184
 		  2A:177-183
B:177-183
Biological Unit 1 (1, 8)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1L_LDHPS00064 L-lactate dehydrogenase active site.LDH2_BIFL2178-184
 		  4A:177-183
B:177-183
LDH2_BIFLO178-184
 		  4A:177-183
B:177-183

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1LLD)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it) 
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with LDH2_BIFL2 | E8ME30 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:320

    Alignment length:313
                                    17        27        37        47        57        67        77        87        97       107       117       127       137       147       157       167       177       187       197       207       217       227       237       247       257       267       277       287       297       307       317   
           LDH2_BIFL2     8 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMCDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 320
               SCOP domains d1llda1 A:7-149 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                          d1llda2 A:150-319 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1lldA01 A:7-149 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                            1lldA02 A:150-319 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
     Sec.struct. author (1) .eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee.hhhhhh..eeeeee.........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh-----.......--hhhhh---.eee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeee..eee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author (1)
     Sec.struct. author (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------eeeeeee-------eeeeeeeeee----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sec.struct. author (2)
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L_LDH  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1lld A   7 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMSDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 319
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106       116       126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316   


Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with LDH2_BIFLO | P0CW93 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:320

    Alignment length:313
                                    17        27        37        47        57        67        77        87        97       107       117       127       137       147       157       167       177       187       197       207       217       227       237       247       257       267       277       287       297       307       317   
           LDH2_BIFLO     8 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMCDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 320
               SCOP domains d1llda1 A:7-149 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                          d1llda2 A:150-319 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1lldA01 A:7-149 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                            1lldA02 A:150-319 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
     Sec.struct. author (1) .eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee.hhhhhh..eeeeee.........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh-----.......--hhhhh---.eee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeee..eee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author (1)
     Sec.struct. author (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------eeeeeee-------eeeeeeeeee----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sec.struct. author (2)
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L_LDH  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1lld A   7 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMSDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 319
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106       116       126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316   


Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with LDH2_BIFL2 | E8ME30 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:320

    Alignment length:313
                                    17        27        37        47        57        67        77        87        97       107       117       127       137       147       157       167       177       187       197       207       217       227       237       247       257       267       277       287       297       307       317   
           LDH2_BIFL2     8 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMCDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 320
               SCOP domains d1lldb1 B:7-149 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                          d1lldb2 B:150-319 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1lldB01 B:7-149 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                            1lldB02 B:150-319 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
     Sec.struct. author (1) .eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeehhhhhhh..eeeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh-----.......--hhhhh---.eee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeee..eee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author (1)
     Sec.struct. author (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------eeeeeee-------eeeeeeeeee----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sec.struct. author (2)
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L_LDH  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1lld B   7 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMSDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 319
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106       116       126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316   


Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with LDH2_BIFLO | P0CW93 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:320

    Alignment length:313
                                    17        27        37        47        57        67        77        87        97       107       117       127       137       147       157       167       177       187       197       207       217       227       237       247       257       267       277       287       297       307       317   
           LDH2_BIFLO     8 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMCDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 320
               SCOP domains d1lldb1 B:7-149 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                          d1lldb2 B:150-319 Lactate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1lldB01 B:7-149 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                            1lldB02 B:150-319 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
     Sec.struct. author (1) .eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeehhhhhhh..eeeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh-----.......--hhhhh---.eee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeee..eee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author (1)
     Sec.struct. author (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------eeeeeee-------eeeeeeeeee----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sec.struct. author (2)
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L_LDH  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1lld B   7 PTKLAVIGAGAVGSTLAFAAAQRGIAREIVLEDIAKERVEAEVLDMQHGSSFYPTVSIDGSDDPEICRDADMVVITAGPRQKPGQSRLELVGATVNILKAIMPNLVKVAPNAIYMLITNPVDIATHVAQKLTGLPENQIFGSGTNLDSARLRFLIAQQTGVNVKNVHAYIAGEHGDSEVPLWESATIGGVPMSDWTPLPGHDPLDADKREEIHQEVKNAAYKIINGKGATNYAIGMSGVDIIEAVLHDTNRILPVSSMLKDFHGISDICMSVPTLLNRQGVNNTINTPVSDKELAALKRSAETLKETAAQFGF 319
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106       116       126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316
   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) (23004)
(-)
Class: Alpha and beta proteins (a/b) (23833)

(-) CATH Domains  (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1LLD)

(-) Gene Ontology  (9, 18)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (LDH2_BIFL2 | E8ME30)
molecular function
    GO:0004459    L-lactate dehydrogenase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+.
    GO:0003824    catalytic activity    Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0016616    oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
biological process
    GO:0005975    carbohydrate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
    GO:0019752    carboxylic acid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
    GO:0006096    glycolytic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Chain A,B   (LDH2_BIFLO | P0CW93)
molecular function
    GO:0004459    L-lactate dehydrogenase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+.
    GO:0003824    catalytic activity    Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0016616    oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
biological process
    GO:0005975    carbohydrate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
    GO:0019752    carboxylic acid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
    GO:0006096    glycolytic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

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  LDH2_BIFL2 | E8ME30
    Protein Disorder Prediction: DisEMBL | FoldIndex | GLOBPLOT (for more information see DisProt)
  LDH2_BIFLO | P0CW93
    Protein Disorder Prediction: DisEMBL | FoldIndex | GLOBPLOT (for more information see DisProt)

 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        LDH2_BIFL2 | E8ME30: 1lth
        LDH2_BIFLO | P0CW93: 1lth

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 1LLD)