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(-) Description

Title :  MONITORING THE STRUCTURAL CONSEQUENCES OF PHE12-->D-PHE12 AND LEU15-->AIB15 SUBSTITUTION IN H/R CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE: IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGN OF CRH ANTAGONISTS.
 
Authors :  G. A. Spyroulias, S. Papazacharias, G. Pairas, P. Cordopatis
Date :  20 Oct 01  (Deposition) - 31 Oct 01  (Release) - 21 Oct 15  (Revision)
Method :  SOLUTION NMR
Resolution :  NOT APPLICABLE
Chains :  NMR Structure  :  A  (40x)
NMR Structure *:  A  (1x)
Keywords :  Hormone, Corticotropin Releasing Hormone, Synthetic Analogues, Solid Phase Synthesis, Nmr, Solutions Structure (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )
 
Reference :  G. A. Spyroulias, S. Papazacharias, G. Pairas, P. Cordopatis
Monitoring The Structural Consequences Of Phe12-->D-Phe And Leu15-->Aib Substitution In Human/Rat Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Eur. J. Biochem. V. 269 6009 2002
PubMed-ID: 12473096  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1046/J.1432-1033.2002.03278.X
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
    Chains: A
    Mutation: YES
    Organism Common: HUMAN
    Organism Scientific: HOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid: 9606
    Other Details: SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE WITH ISOLEUCINE-AMIDE C-TERMINUS
    Other Details - Source: SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE SYNTHESIZED THROUGH SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS USING FMOC/TBU SYNTHETIC PROTOCOLS. NATIVE PHE12 AND LEU15 HAS BEEN SUBSTITUTED BY D-PHE AND ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID
    Synthetic: YES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
NMR Structure (40x): A
NMR Structure * (1x): A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (3, 3)

NMR Structure (3, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1AIB1Mod. Amino AcidALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID
2DPN1Mod. Amino AcidD-PHENYLALANINE
3NH21Mod. Amino AcidAMINO GROUP
NMR Structure * (3, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1AIB1Mod. Amino AcidALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID
2DPN1Mod. Amino AcidD-PHENYLALANINE
3NH21Mod. Amino AcidAMINO GROUP

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1GOE)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1GOE)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1GOE)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1GOE)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

NMR Structure (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CRFPS00511 Corticotropin-releasing factor family signature.CRF_HUMAN157-172  1A:4-19
NMR Structure * (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CRFPS00511 Corticotropin-releasing factor family signature.CRF_HUMAN157-172  1A:4-19

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1GOE)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

NMR Structure
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
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Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:42
 aligned with CRF_HUMAN | P06850 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:196

    Alignment length:42
                                   163       173       183       193  
            CRF_HUMAN   154 SEEPPISLDLTFHLLREVLEMARAEQLAQQAHSNRKLMEIIG 195
               SCOP domains d1goea_ A: Corticotropin releasing hormone SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1goeA00 A:1-41 Single helix bin          - CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---CRF  PDB: A:4-19----------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 1goe A   1 SEEPPISLDLTxHLxREVLEMARAEQLAQQAHSNRKLMEIIx  42
                                    10 |  |   20        30        40 |
                                      12-DPN                        42-NH2
                                         15-AIB
   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 1)

NMR Structure
(-)
Class: Peptides (792)

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

NMR Structure
(-)
Class: Mainly Alpha (13335)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1GOE)

(-) Gene Ontology  (63, 63)

NMR Structure(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (CRF_HUMAN | P06850)
molecular function
    GO:0051430    corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). CRHR1 is the major subtype in the pituitary corticotroph, and mediates the stimulatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone on corticotropin hormone secretion. CRHR1 are also located in cortical areas of the brain, cerebellum and limbic system.
    GO:0051431    corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2). The CRHR2 has several splice variants that are located in sub-cortical areas of the brain and in the periphery.
    GO:0005179    hormone activity    The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
    GO:0005184    neuropeptide hormone activity    The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
biological process
    GO:0030325    adrenal gland development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.
    GO:0008306    associative learning    Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).
    GO:0071314    cellular response to cocaine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
    GO:0071549    cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
    GO:0007268    chemical synaptic transmission    The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
    GO:0016101    diterpenoid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
    GO:0007565    female pregnancy    The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
    GO:0006704    glucocorticoid biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
    GO:0008628    hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0021854    hypothalamus development    The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.
    GO:0006954    inflammatory response    The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
    GO:0050801    ion homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell.
    GO:0007611    learning or memory    The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.
    GO:0035641    locomotory exploration behavior    The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment.
    GO:0060291    long-term synaptic potentiation    A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
    GO:0030324    lung development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
    GO:0045776    negative regulation of blood pressure    Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
    GO:0060548    negative regulation of cell death    Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
    GO:0042322    negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
    GO:0032811    negative regulation of epinephrine secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
    GO:0010629    negative regulation of gene expression    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0070093    negative regulation of glucagon secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
    GO:0033685    negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
    GO:0010700    negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
    GO:0007567    parturition    The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.
    GO:2000987    positive regulation of behavioral fear response    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.
    GO:0030819    positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
    GO:0090280    positive regulation of calcium ion import    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
    GO:0010942    positive regulation of cell death    Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0010841    positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness    Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
    GO:2000854    positive regulation of corticosterone secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.
    GO:0051461    positive regulation of corticotropin secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell.
    GO:0051464    positive regulation of cortisol secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.
    GO:0060456    positive regulation of digestive system process    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0035774    positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
    GO:0001934    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:2000310    regulation of NMDA receptor activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity.
    GO:0014062    regulation of serotonin secretion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
    GO:0042220    response to cocaine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
    GO:0051412    response to corticosterone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0043627    response to estrogen    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
    GO:0045471    response to ethanol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
    GO:0045472    response to ether    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
    GO:0035902    response to immobilization stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.
    GO:0048265    response to pain    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.
    GO:0007165    signal transduction    The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
    GO:0008202    steroid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
    GO:0001963    synaptic transmission, dopaminergic    The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0043025    neuronal cell body    The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
    GO:0043204    perikaryon    The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
    GO:0043196    varicosity    Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        CRF_HUMAN | P06850: 1go9 3eht 3ehu

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

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