| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:0070411 | | I-SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein. |
| | GO:0070412 | | R-SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein. |
| | GO:0000978 | | RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II. |
| | GO:0046332 | | SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein. |
| | GO:0033613 | | activating transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activating transcription factor, any protein whose activity is required to initiate or upregulate transcription. |
| | GO:0003682 | | chromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| | GO:0070410 | | co-SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein. |
| | GO:0003690 | | double-stranded DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA. |
| | GO:0035326 | | enhancer binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter. |
| | GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| | GO:0019902 | | phosphatase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phosphatase. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0046982 | | protein heterodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| | GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| | GO:0003700 | | transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex. |
| | GO:0008134 | | transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. |
| | GO:0001077 | | transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter. |
| | GO:0005160 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
| | GO:0030618 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity | | A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that is phosphorylated by a TGFbeta receptor and complexes with a common-partner mediator. The- heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription. |
| | GO:0034713 | | type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
| | GO:0031625 | | ubiquitin protein ligase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0007183 | | SMAD protein complex assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins. |
| | GO:0060395 | | SMAD protein signal transduction | | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell. |
| | GO:0032924 | | activin receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0009952 | | anterior/posterior pattern specification | | The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. |
| | GO:0045165 | | cell fate commitment | | The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. |
| | GO:0007182 | | common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus. |
| | GO:0048589 | | developmental growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. |
| | GO:0048701 | | embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| | GO:0048617 | | embryonic foregut morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. |
| | GO:0009880 | | embryonic pattern specification | | The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. |
| | GO:0007492 | | endoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. |
| | GO:0001706 | | endoderm formation | | The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. |
| | GO:0007369 | | gastrulation | | A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. |
| | GO:0007507 | | heart development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| | GO:0001701 | | in utero embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| | GO:0030073 | | insulin secretion | | The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin. |
| | GO:0035556 | | intracellular signal transduction | | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| | GO:0030324 | | lung development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
| | GO:0001707 | | mesoderm formation | | The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. |
| | GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| | GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0030512 | | negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. |
| | GO:0038092 | | nodal signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0035265 | | organ growth | | The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. |
| | GO:0060021 | | palate development | | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities. |
| | GO:0031016 | | pancreas development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes. |
| | GO:0048340 | | paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0007389 | | pattern specification process | | Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. |
| | GO:0060039 | | pericardium development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery. |
| | GO:0030513 | | positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity. |
| | GO:0010718 | | positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| | GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| | GO:1900224 | | positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry. |
| | GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0009791 | | post-embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| | GO:0031053 | | primary miRNA processing | | Any process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule. |
| | GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| | GO:0051098 | | regulation of binding | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. |
| | GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0017015 | | regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. |
| | GO:0070723 | | response to cholesterol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. |
| | GO:0009749 | | response to glucose | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| | GO:0023019 | | signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. |
| | GO:0035019 | | somatic stem cell population maintenance | | Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. |
| | GO:0006366 | | transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). |
| | GO:0006351 | | transcription, DNA-templated | | The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. |
| | GO:0007179 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0001657 | | ureteric bud development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0007352 | | zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis | | The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0071141 | | SMAD protein complex | | A protein complex that consists of only SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric. |
| | GO:0071144 | | SMAD2-SMAD3 protein complex | | A heteromeric SMAD protein complex that contains SMAD2 and SMAD3. |
| | GO:0032444 | | activin responsive factor complex | | A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| | GO:0000790 | | nuclear chromatin | | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus. |
| | GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| | GO:0043234 | | protein complex | | A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical. |
| | GO:0005667 | | transcription factor complex | | A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription. |
Description
