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(-) Description

Title :  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLMENT-1Q FAMILY PROTEIN SUGGESTS AN EVOLUTIONARY LINK TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR
 
Authors :  L. Shapiro, P. Scherer
Date :  22 Jul 99  (Deposition) - 04 Aug 99  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.10
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,C
Keywords :  Acrp30 C1Q Tnf Trimer All-Beta, Serum Protein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  L. Shapiro, P. E. Scherer
The Crystal Structure Of A Complement-1Q Family Protein Suggests An Evolutionary Link To Tumor Necrosis Factor.
Curr. Biol. V. 8 335 1998
PubMed-ID: 9512423  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70133-2
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PROTEIN (30 KD ADIPOCYTE COMPLEMENT-RELATED PROTEIN PRECURSOR (ACRP30))
    ChainsA, B, C
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    Organism CommonHOUSE MOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  123
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABC

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1C28)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1C28)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1C28)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1C28)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1C28)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 1C28)

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1C28)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:125
 aligned with ADIPO_MOUSE | Q60994 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:247

    Alignment length:134
                                   122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242    
          ADIPO_MOUSE   113 VYRSAFSVGLETRVTVPNVPIRFTKIFYNQQNHYDGSTGKFYCNIPGLYYFSYHITVYMKDVKVSLFKKDKAVLFTYDQYQEKNVDQASGSVLLHLEVGDQVWLQVYGDGDHNGLYADNVNDSTFTGFLLYHDT 246
               SCOP domains d1c28a_ A: 30 kDa adipocyte complement-related protein                                                                                 SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1c28A00 A:113-246  [code=2.60.120.40, no name defined]                                                                                 CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeee...............eeee............ee....eeeeeeeeeeee...eeeeeee..eeeeeeee....-.eeeeeeeeeeee....eeeeee.--------........eeeeeeeee.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1c28 A 113 MYRSAFSVGLETRVTVPNVPIRFTKIFYNQQNHYDGSTGKFYCNIPGLYYFSYHITVYMKDVKVSLFKKDKAVLFTYDQYQE-NVDQASGSVLLHLEVGDQVWLQVY--------YADNVNDSTFTGFLLYHDT 246
                                   122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192 | |   202       212      |  -     | 232       242    
                                                                                                           194 |                    219      228                  
                                                                                                             196                                                  

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:111
 aligned with ADIPO_MOUSE | Q60994 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:247

    Alignment length:133
                                   122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242   
          ADIPO_MOUSE   113 VYRSAFSVGLETRVTVPNVPIRFTKIFYNQQNHYDGSTGKFYCNIPGLYYFSYHITVYMKDVKVSLFKKDKAVLFTYDQYQEKNVDQASGSVLLHLEVGDQVWLQVYGDGDHNGLYADNVNDSTFTGFLLYHD 245
               SCOP domains d1c28b_ B:       30 kDa adipocyte complement-related protein                                                                          SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1c28B00 B:      113-245  [code=2.60.120.40, no name defined]                                                                          CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeeee------........eeee............ee....eeeeeeeeeeeee....eeeee...-...........-eeeeeeeeeeee....eeeeee.--------------.eeeeeeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1c28 B 113 MYRSAFSVGL------PNVPIRFTKIFYNQQNHYDGSTGKFYCNIPGLYYFSYHITVYMKDVKVSLFKKDK-VLFTYDQYQEK-VDQASGSVLLHLEVGDQVWLQVY--------------DSTFTGFLLYHD 245
                                   122      |132       142       152       162       172       182| |    192  | |  202       212      |  -         - |     242   
                                   122    129                                                   183 |       195 |                   219            234           
                                                                                                  185         197                                                

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:102
 aligned with ADIPO_MOUSE | Q60994 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:247

    Alignment length:133
                                   122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242   
          ADIPO_MOUSE   113 VYRSAFSVGLETRVTVPNVPIRFTKIFYNQQNHYDGSTGKFYCNIPGLYYFSYHITVYMKDVKVSLFKKDKAVLFTYDQYQEKNVDQASGSVLLHLEVGDQVWLQVYGDGDHNGLYADNVNDSTFTGFLLYHD 245
               SCOP domains d1c28c_ C: 30 k   Da adipocyte complement-related protein                                                                             SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1c28C00 C:113-2   45  [code=2.60.120.40, no name defined]                                                                             CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeee......---......eeee.....ee....eee....eeeeeeeee..---...eeeee..eeeeee----------.eeeeeeeee....eeeee---------------...eeeeeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1c28 C 113 MYRSAFSVGLETRVT---VPIRFTKIFYNQQNHYDGSTGKFYCNIPGLYYFSYHITV---DVKVSLFKKDKAVLFT----------QASGSVLLHLEVGDQVWLQ---------------NDSTFTGFLLYHD 245
                                   122    |  132       142       152       162      |  -|      182     |   -      |202       212    |    -         -|      242   
                                        127 131                                   169 173            188        199               217             233            

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Mainly Beta (13760)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1C28)

(-) Gene Ontology  (91, 91)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,C   (ADIPO_MOUSE | Q60994)
molecular function
    GO:0005179    hormone activity    The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0033691    sialic acid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sialic acid, any of a variety of N- or O- substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a nine carbon monosaccharide. Sialic acids often occur in polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria.
biological process
    GO:0033211    adiponectin-activated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of adiponectin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0050873    brown fat cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
    GO:0071320    cellular response to cAMP    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
    GO:0035690    cellular response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0071872    cellular response to epinephrine stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
    GO:0032869    cellular response to insulin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0007623    circadian rhythm    Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
    GO:0070994    detection of oxidative stress    The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.
    GO:0006635    fatty acid beta-oxidation    A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
    GO:0019395    fatty acid oxidation    The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
    GO:0042593    glucose homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
    GO:0006006    glucose metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
    GO:0034383    low-density lipoprotein particle clearance    The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
    GO:0051899    membrane depolarization    The process in which membrane potential decreases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more positive potential. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative steady-state resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
    GO:0060081    membrane hyperpolarization    The process in which membrane potential increases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more negative potential. For example, during the repolarization phase of an action potential the membrane potential often becomes more negative or hyperpolarized before returning to the steady-state resting potential.
    GO:2000279    negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
    GO:0070373    negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:0043124    negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
    GO:0043407    negative regulation of MAP kinase activity    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
    GO:0045776    negative regulation of blood pressure    Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
    GO:0030336    negative regulation of cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0045599    negative regulation of fat cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
    GO:0045721    negative regulation of gluconeogenesis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
    GO:0030853    negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
    GO:0034115    negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
    GO:0046888    negative regulation of hormone secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
    GO:0050728    negative regulation of inflammatory response    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
    GO:0090317    negative regulation of intracellular protein transport    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
    GO:0045715    negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
    GO:0010745    negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
    GO:0045650    negative regulation of macrophage differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
    GO:2000590    negative regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.
    GO:0050765    negative regulation of phagocytosis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
    GO:0010642    negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:2000584    negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.
    GO:0031953    negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
    GO:1900121    negative regulation of receptor binding    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
    GO:0014912    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
    GO:0048662    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0050805    negative regulation of synaptic transmission    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0032720    negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
    GO:0010804    negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
    GO:0043123    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
    GO:0045777    positive regulation of blood pressure    Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
    GO:2000481    positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
    GO:0032270    positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
    GO:0010875    positive regulation of cholesterol efflux    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
    GO:0045923    positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
    GO:0046326    positive regulation of glucose import    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
    GO:2000467    positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
    GO:0032757    positive regulation of interleukin-8 production    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
    GO:2000478    positive regulation of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.
    GO:0071639    positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
    GO:0033034    positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.
    GO:0050731    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
    GO:0010739    positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
    GO:0045860    positive regulation of protein kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
    GO:0001934    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:2000534    positive regulation of renal albumin absorption    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.
    GO:0009967    positive regulation of signal transduction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
    GO:0070208    protein heterotrimerization    The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
    GO:0051260    protein homooligomerization    The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
    GO:0072659    protein localization to plasma membrane    A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
    GO:0010906    regulation of glucose metabolic process    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
    GO:0014823    response to activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0045471    response to ethanol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
    GO:0051384    response to glucocorticoid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
    GO:0009749    response to glucose    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
    GO:0001666    response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0070543    response to linoleic acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
    GO:0007584    response to nutrient    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
    GO:0031667    response to nutrient levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
    GO:0009744    response to sucrose    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
    GO:0034612    response to tumor necrosis factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
cellular component
    GO:0071944    cell periphery    The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005581    collagen trimer    A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

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