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(-) Description

Title :  REFINED STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIAL MALATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM PORCINE HEART AND THE CONSENSUS STRUCTURE FOR DICARBOXYLIC ACID OXIDOREDUCTASES
 
Authors :  W. B. Gleason, Z. Fu, J. J. Birktoft, L. J. Banaszak
Date :  24 Jan 94  (Deposition) - 26 Jan 95  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.83
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  C,D  (1x)
Biol. Unit 3:  A,B,C,D  (1x)
Keywords :  Oxidoreductase(Nad(A)-Choh(D)) (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  W. B. Gleason, Z. Fu, J. Birktoft, L. Banaszak
Refined Crystal Structure Of Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase From Porcine Heart And The Consensus Structure For Dicarboxylic Acid Oxidoreductases.
Biochemistry V. 33 2078 1994
PubMed-ID: 8117664  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1021/BI00174A014
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - MALATE DEHYDROGENASE
    ChainsA, B, C, D
    EC Number1.1.1.37
    EngineeredYES
    Organism CommonPIG
    Organism ScientificSUS SCROFA
    Organism Taxid9823

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric Unit ABCD
Biological Unit 1 (1x)AB  
Biological Unit 2 (1x)  CD
Biological Unit 3 (1x)ABCD

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CIT4Ligand/IonCITRIC ACID
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CIT2Ligand/IonCITRIC ACID
Biological Unit 2 (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CIT2Ligand/IonCITRIC ACID
Biological Unit 3 (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CIT4Ligand/IonCITRIC ACID

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREILE A:12 , ARG A:80 , ARG A:86 , ASN A:118 , ARG A:152 , HIS A:176 , GLY A:210 , ALA A:223 , HOH A:382 , HOH A:384 , HOH A:393 , HOH A:406 , HOH A:409BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CIT A 375
2AC2SOFTWAREILE B:12 , ARG B:80 , ARG B:86 , ASN B:118 , LEU B:148 , ARG B:152 , HIS B:176 , GLY B:210 , ALA B:223 , MET B:227 , HOH B:388 , HOH B:390 , HOH B:398 , HOH B:411 , HOH B:414BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CIT B 375
3AC3SOFTWAREILE C:12 , ARG C:80 , ARG C:86 , ASN C:118 , ARG C:152 , HIS C:176 , GLY C:210 , ALA C:223 , MET C:227 , HOH C:383 , HOH C:385 , HOH C:394 , HOH C:407 , HOH C:410BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CIT C 375
4AC4SOFTWAREILE D:12 , ARG D:80 , ARG D:86 , ASN D:118 , ARG D:152 , HIS D:176 , GLY D:210 , HOH D:392 , HOH D:394 , HOH D:403 , HOH D:416 , HOH D:419BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CIT D 375

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1MLD)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (8, 8)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Asn A:118 -Pro A:119
2Thr A:189 -Pro A:190
3Asn B:118 -Pro B:119
4Thr B:189 -Pro B:190
5Asn C:118 -Pro C:119
6Thr C:189 -Pro C:190
7Asn D:118 -Pro D:119
8Thr D:189 -Pro D:190

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1MLD)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1MDHPS00068 Malate dehydrogenase active site signature.MDHM_PIG169-181
 
 
 
  4A:145-157
B:145-157
C:145-157
D:145-157
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1MDHPS00068 Malate dehydrogenase active site signature.MDHM_PIG169-181
 
 
 
  2A:145-157
B:145-157
-
-
Biological Unit 2 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1MDHPS00068 Malate dehydrogenase active site signature.MDHM_PIG169-181
 
 
 
  2-
-
C:145-157
D:145-157
Biological Unit 3 (1, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1MDHPS00068 Malate dehydrogenase active site signature.MDHM_PIG169-181
 
 
 
  4A:145-157
B:145-157
C:145-157
D:145-157

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1MLD)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with MDHM_PIG | P00346 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:338

    Alignment length:313
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334   
             MDHM_PIG    25 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 337
               SCOP domains d1mlda1 A:1-144 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                            d1mlda2 A:145-313 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1mldA01 A:1-145 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                              1mldA02 A:146-312 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                            - CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhh......eeeeeee..hhhhhhh..eeeee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh..eeeee....eeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeee..eeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MDH          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1mld A   1 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 313
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310   

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with MDHM_PIG | P00346 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:338

    Alignment length:313
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334   
             MDHM_PIG    25 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 337
               SCOP domains d1mldb1 B:1-144 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                            d1mldb2 B:145-313 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1mldB01 B:1-145 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                              1mldB02 B:146-312 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                            - CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhh......eeeeeee..hhhhhhh..eeeee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh..eeeee....eeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeee..eeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MDH          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1mld B   1 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 313
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310   

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with MDHM_PIG | P00346 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:338

    Alignment length:313
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334   
             MDHM_PIG    25 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 337
               SCOP domains d1mldc1 C:1-144 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                            d1mldc2 C:145-313 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1mldC01 C:1-145 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                              1mldC02 C:146-312 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                            - CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhh......eeeeeee..hhhhhhh..eeeee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh..eeeee....eeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeee..eeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MDH          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1mld C   1 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 313
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310   

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:313
 aligned with MDHM_PIG | P00346 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:338

    Alignment length:313
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334   
             MDHM_PIG    25 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 337
               SCOP domains d1mldd1 D:1-144 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                            d1mldd2 D:145-313 Malate dehydrogenase                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1mldD01 D:1-145 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain                                                                                              1mldD02 D:146-312 L-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase, subunit A, domain 2                                                                                            - CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) Ldh_1_N-1mldD05 D:1-144                                                                                                                         -Ldh_1_C-1mldD01 D:146-310                                                                                                                                            --- Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) Ldh_1_N-1mldD06 D:1-144                                                                                                                         -Ldh_1_C-1mldD02 D:146-310                                                                                                                                            --- Pfam domains (2)
           Pfam domains (3) Ldh_1_N-1mldD07 D:1-144                                                                                                                         -Ldh_1_C-1mldD03 D:146-310                                                                                                                                            --- Pfam domains (3)
           Pfam domains (4) Ldh_1_N-1mldD08 D:1-144                                                                                                                         -Ldh_1_C-1mldD04 D:146-310                                                                                                                                            --- Pfam domains (4)
         Sec.struct. author eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhh......eeeeeee..hhhhhhh..eeeee............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh..eeeee....eeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeee..eeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MDH          ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1mld D   1 AKVAVLGASGGIGQPLSLLLKNSPLVSRLTLYDIAHTPGVAADLSHIETRATVKGYLGPEQLPDCLKGCDVVVIPAGVPRKPGMTRDDLFNTNATIVATLTAACAQHCPDAMICIISNPVNSTIPITAEVFKKHGVYNPNKIFGVTTLDIVRANAFVAELKGLDPARVSVPVIGGHAGKTIIPLISQCTPKVDFPQDQLSTLTGRIQEAGTEVVKAKAGAGSATLSMAYAGARFVFSLVDAMNGKEGVVECSFVKSQETDCPYFSTPLLLGKKGIEKNLGIGKISPFEEKMIAEAIPELKASIKKGEEFVKNM 313
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310   

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 8)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (2, 8)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 8)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Clan: LDH_C (56)
1aLdh_1_C-1mldD01D:146-310
1bLdh_1_C-1mldD02D:146-310
1cLdh_1_C-1mldD03D:146-310
1dLdh_1_C-1mldD04D:146-310

(-) Gene Ontology  (13, 13)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,C,D   (MDHM_PIG | P00346)
molecular function
    GO:0030060    L-malate dehydrogenase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.
    GO:0003824    catalytic activity    Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
    GO:0016615    malate dehydrogenase activity    Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0016616    oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
biological process
    GO:0005975    carbohydrate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
    GO:0019752    carboxylic acid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
    GO:0006475    internal protein amino acid acetylation    The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.
    GO:0006108    malate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
    GO:0006099    tricarboxylic acid cycle    A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.
cellular component
    GO:0005759    mitochondrial matrix    The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

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