molecular function |
| GO:0051117 | | ATPase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP. |
| GO:0010181 | | FMN binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes. |
| GO:0050661 | | NADP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH. |
| GO:0016597 | | amino acid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. |
| GO:0046870 | | cadmium ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadmium (Cd) ions. |
| GO:0005516 | | calmodulin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states. |
| GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| GO:0050660 | | flavin adenine dinucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2. |
| GO:0020037 | | heme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. |
| GO:0044325 | | ion channel binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient. |
| GO:0005506 | | iron ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0004517 | | nitric-oxide synthase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+. |
| GO:0016491 | | oxidoreductase activity | | Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0097110 | | scaffold protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes. |
| GO:0017080 | | sodium channel regulator activity | | Modulates the activity of a sodium channel. |
biological process |
| GO:0007568 | | aging | | A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). |
| GO:0006527 | | arginine catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. |
| GO:0048148 | | behavioral response to cocaine | | Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus. |
| GO:0071872 | | cellular response to epinephrine stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system. |
| GO:0071260 | | cellular response to mechanical stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. |
| GO:0007565 | | female pregnancy | | The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. |
| GO:0043066 | | negative regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0045776 | | negative regulation of blood pressure | | Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0051481 | | negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | | Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. |
| GO:0045822 | | negative regulation of heart contraction | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. |
| GO:0046676 | | negative regulation of insulin secretion | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| GO:0033137 | | negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| GO:0045906 | | negative regulation of vasoconstriction | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction. |
| GO:0006809 | | nitric oxide biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. |
| GO:0007263 | | nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms. |
| GO:0055114 | | oxidation-reduction process | | A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons. |
| GO:0018119 | | peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation | | The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine. |
| GO:0031284 | | positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. |
| GO:1900273 | | positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation. |
| GO:1901216 | | positive regulation of neuron death | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| GO:1902307 | | positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. |
| GO:0008016 | | regulation of heart contraction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. |
| GO:0051930 | | regulation of sensory perception of pain | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. |
| GO:0014823 | | response to activity | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus. |
| GO:0043627 | | response to estrogen | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| GO:0045471 | | response to ethanol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| GO:0009408 | | response to heat | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. |
| GO:0001666 | | response to hypoxia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| GO:0010288 | | response to lead ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus. |
| GO:0032496 | | response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0035094 | | response to nicotine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus. |
| GO:0071731 | | response to nitric oxide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus. |
| GO:0031667 | | response to nutrient levels | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. |
| GO:0014070 | | response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| GO:0010243 | | response to organonitrogen compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. |
| GO:0043434 | | response to peptide hormone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. |
| GO:0033197 | | response to vitamin E | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus. |
cellular component |
| GO:0042582 | | azurophil granule | | Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid. |
| GO:0042995 | | cell projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0030425 | | dendrite | | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. |
| GO:0043197 | | dendritic spine | | A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005741 | | mitochondrial outer membrane | | The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0031965 | | nuclear membrane | | Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0001917 | | photoreceptor inner segment | | The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0014069 | | postsynaptic density of dendrite | | An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. |
| GO:0043234 | | protein complex | | A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical. |
| GO:0042383 | | sarcolemma | | The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers. |
| GO:0045202 | | synapse | | The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
| GO:0012506 | | vesicle membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. |