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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN PIN/LC8 DIMER WITH A BOUND PEPTIDE
 
Authors :  J. Liang, W. Guo, S. Jaffery, S. Snyder, J. Clardy
Date :  06 May 99  (Deposition) - 21 Feb 00  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.50
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1:  A (2x),B (1x),C (2x),D (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B,D  (1x)
Biol. Unit 3:  B,D  (2x)
Biol. Unit 4:  A,C  (2x)
Keywords :  Pin, Lc8, Nnos, Dynein Light Chain, Oxidoreductase/Oxidoreductase Inhibitor Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  J. Liang, S. R. Jaffrey, W. Guo, S. H. Snyder, J. Clardy
Structure Of The Pin/Lc8 Dimer With A Bound Peptide.
Nat. Struct. Biol. V. 6 735 1999
PubMed-ID: 10426949  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1038/11501
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PROTEIN INHIBITOR OF NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21
    Expression System PlasmidPGEX-4T-2
    Expression System StrainBL21
    Expression System Taxid511693
    Expression System VectorPET-15B
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymPIN/LC8
 
Molecule 2 - NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
    ChainsC, D
    EngineeredYES
    FragmentRESIDUE 230-242
    SynonymNNOS
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric Unit ABCD
Biological Unit 1 (2x)A (2x)B (1x)C (2x)D (1x)
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B D
Biological Unit 3 (2x) B D
Biological Unit 4 (2x)A C 

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1CMI)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1CMI)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1CMI)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Pro A:52 -Thr A:53
2Pro B:52 -Thr B:53

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1CMI)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1DYNEIN_LIGHT_1PS01239 Dynein light chain type 1 signature.DYL1_HUMAN55-69
 
  2A:55-69
B:55-69
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1DYNEIN_LIGHT_1PS01239 Dynein light chain type 1 signature.DYL1_HUMAN55-69
 
  2A:55-69
B:55-69
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1DYNEIN_LIGHT_1PS01239 Dynein light chain type 1 signature.DYL1_HUMAN55-69
 
  1-
B:55-69
Biological Unit 3 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1DYNEIN_LIGHT_1PS01239 Dynein light chain type 1 signature.DYL1_HUMAN55-69
 
  2-
B:55-69
Biological Unit 4 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1DYNEIN_LIGHT_1PS01239 Dynein light chain type 1 signature.DYL1_HUMAN55-69
 
  2A:55-69
-

(-) Exons   (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 4)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENST000003925091ENSE00001512219chr12:120907660-120907907248DYL1_HUMAN-00--
1.3bENST000003925093bENSE00001642434chr12:120934219-120934356138DYL1_HUMAN1-44442A:5-44
B:5-44
40
40
1.4ENST000003925094ENSE00000835243chr12:120935876-120936297422DYL1_HUMAN45-89452A:45-89
B:45-89
45
45

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:85
 aligned with DYL1_HUMAN | P63167 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:89

    Alignment length:85
                                    14        24        34        44        54        64        74        84     
           DYL1_HUMAN     5 KAVIKNADMSEEMQQDSVECATQALEKYNIEKDIAAHIKKEFDKKYNPTWHCIVGRNFGSYVTHETKHFIYFYLGQVAILLFKSG  89
               SCOP domains d1cmia_ A: Dynein light chain 1 (DLC1)                                                SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1cmiA00 A:5-89 Protein Inhibitor Of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase;                   CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..eeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeee.............eeeeee..eeeeeee.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------DYNEIN_LIGHT_1 -------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.3b  PDB: A:5-44 UniProt: 1-44    Exon 1.4  PDB: A:45-89 UniProt: 45-89         Transcript 1
                 1cmi A   5 KAVIKNADMSEEMQQDSVECATQALEKYNIEKDIAAHIKKEFDKKYNPTWHCIVGRNFGSYVTHETKHFIYFYLGQVAILLFKSG  89
                                    14        24        34        44        54        64        74        84     

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:85
 aligned with DYL1_HUMAN | P63167 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:89

    Alignment length:85
                                    14        24        34        44        54        64        74        84     
           DYL1_HUMAN     5 KAVIKNADMSEEMQQDSVECATQALEKYNIEKDIAAHIKKEFDKKYNPTWHCIVGRNFGSYVTHETKHFIYFYLGQVAILLFKSG  89
               SCOP domains d1cmib_ B: Dynein light chain 1 (DLC1)                                                SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1cmiB00 B:5-89 Protein Inhibitor Of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase;                   CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .eeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeee.............eeeeee..eeeeeee.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------DYNEIN_LIGHT_1 -------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.3b  PDB: B:5-44 UniProt: 1-44    Exon 1.4  PDB: B:45-89 UniProt: 45-89         Transcript 1
                 1cmi B   5 KAVIKNADMSEEMQQDSVECATQALEKYNIEKDIAAHIKKEFDKKYNPTWHCIVGRNFGSYVTHETKHFIYFYLGQVAILLFKSG  89
                                    14        24        34        44        54        64        74        84     

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:12
 aligned with NOS1_RAT | P29476 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1429

    Alignment length:12
                                   235  
             NOS1_RAT   226 AEMKDTGIQVDR 237
               SCOP domains ------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ............ Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------ Transcript
                 1cmi C   2 AEMKDTGIQVDR  13
                                    11  

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:12
 aligned with NOS1_RAT | P29476 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1429

    Alignment length:12
                                   235  
             NOS1_RAT   226 AEMKDTGIQVDR 237
               SCOP domains ------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ............ Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------ Transcript
                 1cmi D   2 AEMKDTGIQVDR  13
                                    11  

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1CMI)

(-) Gene Ontology  (108, 115)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (DYL1_HUMAN | P63167)
molecular function
    GO:0003774    motor activity    Catalysis of the generation of force resulting either in movement along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.
    GO:0008022    protein C-terminus binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
biological process
    GO:0006888    ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport    The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
    GO:0000086    G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle    The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.
    GO:0030036    actin cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0009653    anatomical structure morphogenesis    The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
    GO:0019886    antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II    The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
    GO:0006915    apoptotic process    A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
    GO:0060271    cilium assembly    The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
    GO:0007292    female gamete generation    Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
    GO:0035721    intraciliary retrograde transport    The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum) toward the cell body, mediated by motor proteins.
    GO:0016236    macroautophagy    The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.
    GO:0007017    microtubule-based process    Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
    GO:0042326    negative regulation of phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
    GO:1900740    positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0021762    substantia nigra development    The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0016032    viral process    A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
cellular component
    GO:0008180    COP9 signalosome    A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.
    GO:0005813    centrosome    A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
    GO:0097542    ciliary tip    Part of the cilium where the axoneme ends. The ciliary tip has been implicated in ciliary assembly and disassembly, as well as signal transduction.
    GO:0005929    cilium    A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005868    cytoplasmic dynein complex    Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0030286    dynein complex    Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0000776    kinetochore    A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005874    microtubule    Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
    GO:0005875    microtubule associated complex    Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0072686    mitotic spindle    A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

Chain C,D   (NOS1_RAT | P29476)
molecular function
    GO:0051117    ATPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.
    GO:0010181    FMN binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
    GO:0050661    NADP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH.
    GO:0016597    amino acid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
    GO:0046870    cadmium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadmium (Cd) ions.
    GO:0005516    calmodulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0050660    flavin adenine dinucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.
    GO:0020037    heme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
    GO:0044325    ion channel binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0005506    iron ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0004517    nitric-oxide synthase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0097110    scaffold protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes.
    GO:0017080    sodium channel regulator activity    Modulates the activity of a sodium channel.
biological process
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0006527    arginine catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
    GO:0048148    behavioral response to cocaine    Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.
    GO:0071872    cellular response to epinephrine stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0007565    female pregnancy    The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0045776    negative regulation of blood pressure    Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0051481    negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration    Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
    GO:0045822    negative regulation of heart contraction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
    GO:0046676    negative regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:0033137    negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
    GO:0045906    negative regulation of vasoconstriction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
    GO:0006809    nitric oxide biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
    GO:0007263    nitric oxide mediated signal transduction    Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
    GO:0018119    peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation    The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.
    GO:0031284    positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
    GO:1900273    positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
    GO:1901216    positive regulation of neuron death    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:1902307    positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
    GO:0008016    regulation of heart contraction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
    GO:0051930    regulation of sensory perception of pain    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
    GO:0014823    response to activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
    GO:0043627    response to estrogen    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
    GO:0045471    response to ethanol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
    GO:0009408    response to heat    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
    GO:0001666    response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0010288    response to lead ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
    GO:0032496    response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0035094    response to nicotine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
    GO:0071731    response to nitric oxide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
    GO:0031667    response to nutrient levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0010243    response to organonitrogen compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
    GO:0043434    response to peptide hormone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
    GO:0033197    response to vitamin E    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
cellular component
    GO:0042582    azurophil granule    Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0043197    dendritic spine    A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005741    mitochondrial outer membrane    The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0031965    nuclear membrane    Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0001917    photoreceptor inner segment    The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0014069    postsynaptic density of dendrite    An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
    GO:0042383    sarcolemma    The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0012506    vesicle membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        DYL1_HUMAN | P631673zke 3zkf
        NOS1_RAT | P294761b8q 1f20 1k2r 1k2s 1k2t 1k2u 1lzx 1lzz 1m00 1mmv 1mmw 1om4 1om5 1p6h 1p6i 1p6j 1p6k 1qau 1qav 1qw6 1qwc 1rs6 1rs7 1tll 1vag 1zvi 1zvl 1zzq 1zzr 1zzu 2g6h 2g6i 2g6j 2g6k 2g6l 2g6m 2g6n 2hx3 2hx4 3b3m 3b3n 3b3o 3b3p 3dqr 3fc5 3hsn 3hso 3hsp 3jt3 3jt4 3jt5 3jt6 3jt7 3jt8 3jt9 3jta 3jws 3jwt 3jwu 3jwv 3jx0 3jx1 3jx2 3jx3 3jx4 3jx5 3jx6 3n2r 3n5v 3n5w 3n5x 3n5y 3n5z 3n60 3n61 3n62 3n63 3n64 3n65 3n66 3n67 3n68 3n69 3n6a 3n6b 3n6c 3n6d 3n6e 3n6f 3n6g 3nlj 3nlk 3nlm 3nln 3nlo 3nlp 3nlq 3nlr 3nlv 3nlw 3nlx 3nly 3nlz 3nm0 3nny 3nnz 3pne 3pnf 3png 3q99 3q9a 3rqj 3rqk 3rql 3rqm 3rqn 3svp 3svq 3tyl 3tym 3tyn 3tyo 3ufo 3ufp 3ufq 3ufr 3ufs 3uft 3ufu 3ufv 3ufw 4c39 4cam 4can 4cao 4cap 4caq 4cdt 4ctp 4ctq 4ctr 4ctt 4ctu 4ctv 4ctw 4ctx 4cx3 4cx4 4cx5 4cx6 4d2y 4d2z 4d30 4d31 4d32 4d3b 4d7o 4eux 4fvw 4fvx 4fvy 4fvz 4fw0 4gqe 4hop 4ims 4imt 4imu 4imw 4jse 4jsf 4jsg 4jsh 4jsi 4jsj 4k5d 4k5e 4k5f 4k5g 4kch 4kci 4kcj 4kck 4kcl 4kcm 4kcn 4kco 4lux 4ugz 4uh0 4uh1 4uh2 4uh3 4uh4 4upm 4upn 4upo 4upp 4v3v 4v3w 4v3x 4v3y 4v3z 5ad4 5ad5 5ad6 5ad7 5ad8 5ad9 5ada 5adb 5adc 5add 5ade 5agk 5agl 5agm 5agn 5ago 5agp 5fvo 5fvp 5fvq 5fvr 5fvs 5fvt 5fw0 5g0n 5g0o 5g0p 5unr 5uns 5unt 5unu 5unv 5unw 5unx 5uny 5unz 5uo0

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