molecular function |
| GO:0005125 | | cytokine activity | | Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| GO:0005133 | | interferon-gamma receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interferon-gamma receptor. |
biological process |
| GO:0002302 | | CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response | | The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. |
| GO:0050852 | | T cell receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| GO:0002250 | | adaptive immune response | | An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). |
| GO:0019882 | | antigen processing and presentation | | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. |
| GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| GO:0007050 | | cell cycle arrest | | A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M). |
| GO:0007166 | | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0071351 | | cellular response to interleukin-18 | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus. |
| GO:0071222 | | cellular response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0042742 | | defense response to bacterium | | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| GO:0042832 | | defense response to protozoan | | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| GO:0051607 | | defense response to virus | | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| GO:0030968 | | endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation. |
| GO:0097191 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0006959 | | humoral immune response | | An immune response mediated through a body fluid. |
| GO:0006955 | | immune response | | Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. |
| GO:0006925 | | inflammatory cell apoptotic process | | Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage. |
| GO:0060333 | | interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interferon-gamma to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. |
| GO:0006928 | | movement of cell or subcellular component | | The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0030857 | | negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. |
| GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0044130 | | negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host | | Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction. |
| GO:0044146 | | negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. |
| GO:0032700 | | negative regulation of interleukin-17 production | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines. |
| GO:0031642 | | negative regulation of myelination | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. |
| GO:0048662 | | negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0001781 | | neutrophil apoptotic process | | Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. |
| GO:0030593 | | neutrophil chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. |
| GO:0032834 | | positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response. |
| GO:0045348 | | positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. |
| GO:0042102 | | positive regulation of T cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0010508 | | positive regulation of autophagy | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| GO:0060559 | | positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O. |
| GO:0045785 | | positive regulation of cell adhesion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0045080 | | positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines. |
| GO:0010634 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. |
| GO:0090004 | | positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| GO:1903543 | | positive regulation of exosomal secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion. |
| GO:0060550 | | positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate. |
| GO:0060552 | | positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0050718 | | positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell. |
| GO:0045084 | | positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12. |
| GO:0032735 | | positive regulation of interleukin-12 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production. |
| GO:0032747 | | positive regulation of interleukin-23 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production. |
| GO:0045410 | | positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6. |
| GO:0048304 | | positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes. |
| GO:0051712 | | positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. |
| GO:0051044 | | positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis. |
| GO:0045666 | | positive regulation of neuron differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| GO:0045429 | | positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. |
| GO:0045672 | | positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| GO:0033141 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| GO:0034393 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:0032224 | | positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:2000309 | | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production. |
| GO:0032760 | | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| GO:0060557 | | positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). |
| GO:0000060 | | protein import into nucleus, translocation | | A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope. |
| GO:0040008 | | regulation of growth | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. |
| GO:2000345 | | regulation of hepatocyte proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation. |
| GO:0050776 | | regulation of immune response | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. |
| GO:0050796 | | regulation of insulin secretion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| GO:0060334 | | regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| GO:0098908 | | regulation of neuronal action potential | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| GO:0002026 | | regulation of the force of heart contraction | | Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled. |
| GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0009615 | | response to virus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. |
| GO:0050954 | | sensory perception of mechanical stimulus | | The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. |
cellular component |
| GO:0009897 | | external side of plasma membrane | | The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |