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(-) Description

Title :  I DOMAIN FROM INTEGRIN ALPHA2-BETA1
 
Authors :  J. Emsley, S. L. King, J. M. Bergelson, R. C. Liddington
Date :  13 Jul 97  (Deposition) - 25 Nov 98  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.10
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Integrin, Cell Adhesion, Glycoprotein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  J. Emsley, S. L. King, J. M. Bergelson, R. C. Liddington
Crystal Structure Of The I Domain From Integrin Alpha2Beta1.
J. Biol. Chem. V. 272 28512 1997
PubMed-ID: 9353312  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1074/JBC.272.45.28512
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - INTEGRIN ALPHA 2 BETA
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21
    Expression System PlasmidPGEX-KT
    Expression System StrainBL21
    Expression System Taxid511693
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentI DOMAIN
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MG2Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARESER A:153 , SER A:155 , ASP A:254 , HOH A:699 , HOH A:700 , HOH A:701BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG A 400
2AC2SOFTWARESER B:153 , SER B:155 , ASP B:254 , HOH B:693 , HOH B:695 , HOH B:696BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG B 401
3MGAUNKNOWNASP A:151 , SER A:153 , SER A:155 , THR A:221 , ASP A:254MG BINDING SITE.
4MGBUNKNOWNASP B:151 , SER B:153 , SER B:155 , THR B:221 , ASP B:254MG BINDING SITE.

(-) SS Bonds  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1A:140 -B:140

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Tyr A:157 -Pro A:158
2Ile A:306 -Pro A:307
3Tyr B:157 -Pro B:158

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1AOX)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1FG_GAPPS51470 FG-GAP repeat profile.ITA2_HUMAN34-92
101-161
366-420
 
477-539
423-475
540-598
602-664
  2-
-
A:337-339
B:337-337
-
-
-
-
2VWFAPS50234 VWFA domain profile.ITA2_HUMAN174-361
 
  2A:145-332
B:145-332

(-) Exons   (7, 13)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (7, 13)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000002965851aENSE00002047974chr5:52285156-52285362207ITA2_HUMAN1-22220--
1.2ENST000002965852ENSE00001082059chr5:52322578-52322698121ITA2_HUMAN22-62410--
1.3ENST000002965853ENSE00001082086chr5:52337942-52338051110ITA2_HUMAN62-99380--
1.4ENST000002965854ENSE00001082085chr5:52340831-5234092292ITA2_HUMAN99-129310--
1.5ENST000002965855ENSE00001082071chr5:52344193-52344307115ITA2_HUMAN130-168392A:139-139
B:137-139
1
3
1.6ENST000002965856ENSE00001082076chr5:52344473-52344600128ITA2_HUMAN168-210432A:139-181
B:139-181
43
43
1.7ENST000002965857ENSE00001082063chr5:52347241-52347389149ITA2_HUMAN211-260502A:182-231
B:182-231
50
50
1.8ENST000002965858ENSE00001082075chr5:52351368-52351518151ITA2_HUMAN260-310512A:231-281
B:231-281
51
51
1.9ENST000002965859ENSE00001082081chr5:52351814-52351979166ITA2_HUMAN311-366562A:282-337
B:282-337
56
56
1.10ENST0000029658510ENSE00001082065chr5:52353855-5235393177ITA2_HUMAN366-391262A:337-337
B:337-337
1
1
1.11ENST0000029658511ENSE00001082067chr5:52355704-52355842139ITA2_HUMAN392-438471A:338-339
-
2
-
1.12ENST0000029658512ENSE00001082084chr5:52356731-52356876146ITA2_HUMAN438-486490--
1.13ENST0000029658513ENSE00001082064chr5:52358616-52358759144ITA2_HUMAN487-534480--
1.14ENST0000029658514ENSE00001082077chr5:52360742-52360945204ITA2_HUMAN535-602680--
1.15bENST0000029658515bENSE00001082062chr5:52361671-52361807137ITA2_HUMAN603-648460--
1.16ENST0000029658516ENSE00001082058chr5:52362948-52363087140ITA2_HUMAN648-695480--
1.17ENST0000029658517ENSE00001082055chr5:52365939-52366090152ITA2_HUMAN695-745510--
1.18ENST0000029658518ENSE00001082082chr5:52367768-52367878111ITA2_HUMAN746-782370--
1.19ENST0000029658519ENSE00001082060chr5:52368443-5236852583ITA2_HUMAN783-810280--
1.20ENST0000029658520ENSE00001082054chr5:52368948-52369089142ITA2_HUMAN810-857480--
1.21ENST0000029658521ENSE00001082080chr5:52370215-5237030793ITA2_HUMAN858-888310--
1.22ENST0000029658522ENSE00001082083chr5:52370891-5237096777ITA2_HUMAN889-914260--
1.23ENST0000029658523ENSE00001082056chr5:52371051-5237113484ITA2_HUMAN914-942290--
1.24ENST0000029658524ENSE00001082070chr5:52374602-52374704103ITA2_HUMAN942-976350--
1.25ENST0000029658525ENSE00001082068chr5:52376341-52376451111ITA2_HUMAN977-1013370--
1.26ENST0000029658526ENSE00001082079chr5:52377422-52377526105ITA2_HUMAN1014-1048350--
1.27ENST0000029658527ENSE00001082061chr5:52379170-52379283114ITA2_HUMAN1049-1086380--
1.28ENST0000029658528ENSE00001082057chr5:52382782-5238287190ITA2_HUMAN1087-1116300--
1.29ENST0000029658529ENSE00001082066chr5:52385776-52385892117ITA2_HUMAN1117-1155390--
1.30eENST0000029658530eENSE00001262757chr5:52386349-523906094261ITA2_HUMAN1156-1181260--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:201
 aligned with ITA2_HUMAN | P17301 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1181

    Alignment length:240
                                   177       187       197       207       217       227       237       247       257       267       277       287       297       307       317       327       337       347       357       367       377       387       397       407
           ITA2_HUMAN   168 PCPSLIDVVVVCDESNSIYPWDAVKNFLEKFVQGLDIGPTKTQVGLIQYANNPRVVFNLNTYKTKEEMIVATSQTSQYGGDLTNTFGAIQYARKYAYSAASGGRRSATKVMVVVTDGESHDGSMLKAVIDQCNHDNILRFGIAVLGYLNRNALDTKNLIKEIKAIASIPTERYFFNVSDEAALLEKAGTLGEQIFSIEGTVQGGDNFQMEMSQVGFSADYSSQNDILMLGAVGAFGWSGT 407
               SCOP domains d1aoxa_ A: Integrin alpha2-beta1                                                                                                                                                                                                                 SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1aoxA00 A:139-339  [code=3.40.50.410, no name defined]                                                                                                                                                                                           CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....eeeeeeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......eeeeeeee...eeeee.......hhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhh...hhh......eeeeeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeee.hhhhh.....hhhhhhhh......hhhheeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....---------------------------------------.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------VWFA  PDB: A:145-332 UniProt: 174-361                                                                                                                                                       ----FG_GAP  PDB: A:337-339 UniProt: 366-420    PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) 1------------------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: A:182-231 UniProt: 211-260         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.10  PDB: A:337-337 Exon 1.11        Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.6  PDB: A:139-181 UniProt: 168-210  -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:231-281 UniProt: 260-310          Exon 1.9  PDB: A:282-337 UniProt: 311-366               ----------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 1aox A 139 SCPSLIDVVVVCDESNSIYPWDAVKNFLEKFVQGLDIGPTKTQVGLIQYANNPRVVFNLNTYKTKEEMIVATSQTSQYGGDLTNTFGAIQYARKYAYSAASGGRRSATKVMVVVTDGESHDGSMLKAVIDQCNHDNILRFGIAVLGYLNRNALDTKNLIKEIKAIASIPTERYFFNVSDEAALLEKAGTLGEQIFSIEG---------------------------------------GT 339
                                   148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268       278       288       298       308       318       328        |-         -         -         -       339
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                337                                     338 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:201
 aligned with ITA2_HUMAN | P17301 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1181

    Alignment length:201
                                   175       185       195       205       215       225       235       245       255       265       275       285       295       305       315       325       335       345       355       365 
           ITA2_HUMAN   166 TQPCPSLIDVVVVCDESNSIYPWDAVKNFLEKFVQGLDIGPTKTQVGLIQYANNPRVVFNLNTYKTKEEMIVATSQTSQYGGDLTNTFGAIQYARKYAYSAASGGRRSATKVMVVVTDGESHDGSMLKAVIDQCNHDNILRFGIAVLGYLNRNALDTKNLIKEIKAIASIPTERYFFNVSDEAALLEKAGTLGEQIFSIEG 366
               SCOP domains d1aoxb_ B: Integrin alpha2-beta1                                                                                                                                                                          SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1aoxB00 B:137-337  [code=3.40.50.410, no name defined]                                                                                                                                                    CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .......eeeeeeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh........eeeeeee...eeeee.......hhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhh...hhh......eeeeeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeee..hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh....hhhheeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------VWFA  PDB: B:145-332 UniProt: 174-361                                                                                                                                                       ----F PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) 1.5------------------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: B:182-231 UniProt: 211-260         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) --Exon 1.6  PDB: B:139-181 UniProt: 168-210  -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: B:231-281 UniProt: 260-310          Exon 1.9  PDB: B:282-337 UniProt: 311-366                Transcript 1 (2)
                 1aox B 137 RSSCPSLIDVVVVCDESNSIYPWDAVKNFLEKFVQGLDIGPTKTQVGLIQYANNPRVVFNLNTYKTKEEMIVATSQTSQYGGDLTNTFGAIQYARKYAYSAASGGRRSATKVMVVVTDGESHDGSMLKAVIDQCNHDNILRFGIAVLGYLNRNALDTKNLIKEIKAIASIPTERYFFNVSDEAALLEKAGTLGEQIFSIEG 337
                                   146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316       326       336 

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1AOX)

(-) Gene Ontology  (73, 73)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (ITA2_HUMAN | P17301)
molecular function
    GO:0005518    collagen binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
    GO:0098639    collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion    Any collagen binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.
    GO:0038064    collagen receptor activity    Combining with a collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0005178    integrin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
    GO:0043236    laminin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0001618    virus receptor activity    Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
biological process
    GO:0009887    animal organ morphogenesis    Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
    GO:0007596    blood coagulation    The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
    GO:0007155    cell adhesion    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
    GO:0033627    cell adhesion mediated by integrin    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0007160    cell-matrix adhesion    The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0031589    cell-substrate adhesion    The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0071392    cellular response to estradiol stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0071407    cellular response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0038065    collagen-activated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to a cell surface receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0050966    detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain    The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
    GO:0045184    establishment of protein localization    The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
    GO:0030198    extracellular matrix organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
    GO:0007565    female pregnancy    The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
    GO:0048041    focal adhesion assembly    The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
    GO:0070365    hepatocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.
    GO:0006971    hypotonic response    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
    GO:0007229    integrin-mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0030879    mammary gland development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.
    GO:0048333    mesodermal cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.
    GO:0043388    positive regulation of DNA binding    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0010694    positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
    GO:0045785    positive regulation of cell adhesion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
    GO:0031346    positive regulation of cell projection organization    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
    GO:0033343    positive regulation of collagen binding    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
    GO:0032967    positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
    GO:0010634    positive regulation of epithelial cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
    GO:0050729    positive regulation of inflammatory response    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
    GO:0002687    positive regulation of leukocyte migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
    GO:0060100    positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
    GO:0050927    positive regulation of positive chemotaxis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
    GO:0014911    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
    GO:0048661    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0045987    positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
    GO:0045727    positive regulation of translation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
    GO:0051971    positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
    GO:0033591    response to L-ascorbic acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
    GO:0014075    response to amine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0001666    response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0014850    response to muscle activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0071107    response to parathyroid hormone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
    GO:0043589    skin morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
    GO:0006929    substrate-dependent cell migration    The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.
    GO:0046718    viral entry into host cell    The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm.
    GO:0016032    viral process    A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
    GO:0042060    wound healing    The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
cellular component
    GO:0030424    axon    The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
    GO:0043679    axon terminus    Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
    GO:0045178    basal part of cell    The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0009897    external side of plasma membrane    The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0034666    integrin alpha2-beta1 complex    An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
    GO:0008305    integrin complex    A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

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        ITA2_HUMAN | P173011dzi 1pqb 1v7p 4bj3 5hj2

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