molecular function |
| GO:0051434 | | BH3 domain binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH3 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death. |
| GO:0015267 | | channel activity | | Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules. |
| GO:0016248 | | channel inhibitor activity | | Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a channel via direct interaction with the channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. |
| GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| GO:0002020 | | protease binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0046982 | | protein heterodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0051721 | | protein phosphatase 2A binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2A. |
| GO:0019903 | | protein phosphatase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase. |
| GO:0043565 | | sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. |
| GO:0008134 | | transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. |
| GO:0031625 | | ubiquitin protein ligase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. |
biological process |
| GO:0030183 | | B cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. |
| GO:0001782 | | B cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0002326 | | B cell lineage commitment | | The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell. |
| GO:0042100 | | B cell proliferation | | The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation. |
| GO:0050853 | | B cell receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| GO:0043375 | | CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment | | The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell. |
| GO:0030217 | | T cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. |
| GO:0033077 | | T cell differentiation in thymus | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. |
| GO:0043029 | | T cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0002360 | | T cell lineage commitment | | The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell. |
| GO:0007015 | | actin filament organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. |
| GO:0009887 | | animal organ morphogenesis | | Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| GO:0008637 | | apoptotic mitochondrial changes | | The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis. |
| GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| GO:0031103 | | axon regeneration | | The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. |
| GO:0007409 | | axonogenesis | | De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon. |
| GO:0001662 | | behavioral fear response | | An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. |
| GO:0001658 | | branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | | The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| GO:0007569 | | cell aging | | An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469). |
| GO:0016049 | | cell growth | | The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. |
| GO:0000902 | | cell morphogenesis | | The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. |
| GO:0008283 | | cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| GO:0006874 | | cellular calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. |
| GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| GO:0042149 | | cellular response to glucose starvation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. |
| GO:0071456 | | cellular response to hypoxia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| GO:0071310 | | cellular response to organic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. |
| GO:0021747 | | cochlear nucleus development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0051607 | | defense response to virus | | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| GO:0048589 | | developmental growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. |
| GO:0048066 | | developmental pigmentation | | The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. |
| GO:0048546 | | digestive tract morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| GO:0043583 | | ear development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. |
| GO:0032469 | | endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
| GO:0097192 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0008625 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0048041 | | focal adhesion assembly | | The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity. |
| GO:0022612 | | gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. |
| GO:0032835 | | glomerulus development | | The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment. |
| GO:0040007 | | growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. |
| GO:0031069 | | hair follicle morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. |
| GO:0030097 | | hemopoiesis | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. |
| GO:0048873 | | homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue | | Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. |
| GO:0002520 | | immune system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. |
| GO:0008630 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0070059 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. |
| GO:0008631 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0001822 | | kidney development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| GO:0001776 | | leukocyte homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0002260 | | lymphocyte homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0002320 | | lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages. |
| GO:0008584 | | male gonad development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0006582 | | melanin metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. |
| GO:0030318 | | melanocyte differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte. |
| GO:0014031 | | mesenchymal cell development | | The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| GO:0001656 | | metanephros development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| GO:2000134 | | negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | | Any cell cycle regulatory process that prevents the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. |
| GO:2000811 | | negative regulation of anoikis | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis. |
| GO:0043066 | | negative regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:2001234 | | negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:0010507 | | negative regulation of autophagy | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| GO:0010523 | | negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol | | Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. |
| GO:0030308 | | negative regulation of cell growth | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| GO:0030336 | | negative regulation of cell migration | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0032848 | | negative regulation of cellular pH reduction | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell. |
| GO:2001240 | | negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. |
| GO:2001243 | | negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:0045930 | | negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| GO:0033033 | | negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:0043524 | | negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| GO:0030279 | | negative regulation of ossification | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| GO:0033689 | | negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. |
| GO:2000378 | | negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. |
| GO:0046671 | | negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. |
| GO:0051402 | | neuron apoptotic process | | Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. |
| GO:0048599 | | oocyte development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| GO:0035265 | | organ growth | | The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. |
| GO:0001503 | | ossification | | The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. |
| GO:0001541 | | ovarian follicle development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0018105 | | peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. |
| GO:0018107 | | peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. |
| GO:0048753 | | pigment granule organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule. |
| GO:0043473 | | pigmentation | | The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells. |
| GO:0030890 | | positive regulation of B cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation. |
| GO:0043085 | | positive regulation of catalytic activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. |
| GO:0030307 | | positive regulation of cell growth | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0048087 | | positive regulation of developmental pigmentation | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. |
| GO:0045636 | | positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation. |
| GO:0040018 | | positive regulation of multicellular organism growth | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. |
| GO:0014042 | | positive regulation of neuron maturation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. |
| GO:0033138 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| GO:0048743 | | positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. |
| GO:0014911 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration. |
| GO:0009791 | | post-embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| GO:0006470 | | protein dephosphorylation | | The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein. |
| GO:0000209 | | protein polyubiquitination | | Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain. |
| GO:0072593 | | reactive oxygen species metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. |
| GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0010506 | | regulation of autophagy | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| GO:0051924 | | regulation of calcium ion transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0050790 | | regulation of catalytic activity | | Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. |
| GO:0051726 | | regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| GO:0001952 | | regulation of cell-matrix adhesion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0048070 | | regulation of developmental pigmentation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. |
| GO:0010468 | | regulation of gene expression | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0010559 | | regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. |
| GO:0046902 | | regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane. |
| GO:0051881 | | regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential | | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| GO:0006808 | | regulation of nitrogen utilization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization. |
| GO:0043067 | | regulation of programmed cell death | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. |
| GO:0043497 | | regulation of protein heterodimerization activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| GO:0043496 | | regulation of protein homodimerization activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0032880 | | regulation of protein localization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| GO:0031647 | | regulation of protein stability | | Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation. |
| GO:0022898 | | regulation of transmembrane transporter activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. |
| GO:0045069 | | regulation of viral genome replication | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| GO:0001836 | | release of cytochrome c from mitochondria | | The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation. |
| GO:0003014 | | renal system process | | A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). |
| GO:0010224 | | response to UV-B | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm. |
| GO:0034097 | | response to cytokine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0010332 | | response to gamma radiation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| GO:0051384 | | response to glucocorticoid | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| GO:0042542 | | response to hydrogen peroxide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
| GO:0010039 | | response to iron ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus. |
| GO:0002931 | | response to ischemia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply. |
| GO:0035094 | | response to nicotine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus. |
| GO:0006979 | | response to oxidative stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| GO:0048545 | | response to steroid hormone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. |
| GO:0009636 | | response to toxic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. |
| GO:0016337 | | single organismal cell-cell adhesion | | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism. |
| GO:0048536 | | spleen development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. |
| GO:0048538 | | thymus development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. |
| GO:0055085 | | transmembrane transport | | The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other |
| GO:0001657 | | ureteric bud development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0005783 | | endoplasmic reticulum | | The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). |
| GO:0005789 | | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0031966 | | mitochondrial membrane | | Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope. |
| GO:0005741 | | mitochondrial outer membrane | | The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0043209 | | myelin sheath | | An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system. |
| GO:0031965 | | nuclear membrane | | Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0046930 | | pore complex | | Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids. |