- F.
H. C. Crick, J. D. Watson, M. H. C. Wilkins (Physiology
or Medicine, 1962)
for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nuclear
acids and its significance for information transfer in living material
- M.
F. Perutz, Sir J. C. Kendrew (Chemistry,
1962)
for their studies of the structures of
globular proteins
- D.
Crowfoot Hodgkin (Chemistry, 1964)
for her determinations by X-ray techniques of
the structures of important biochemical substances
- Sir
A. Klug (Chemistry, 1982)
for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy
and his structural elucidation of biologically important nuclei
acid-protein complexes
- J.
Deisenhofer, R. Huber, H. Michel (Chemistry,
1988)
for the determination of the
three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre
- P.
D. Boyer, J. E. Walker, J. C. Skou (Chemistry,
1997)
for their elucidation of the
enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) [Boyer, Walker]
for the first discovery of an ion-transporting
enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase [Skou]
- J.
B. Fenn, K. Tanaka, K. Wüthrich (Chemistry,
2002)
for the
development of methods
for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules
for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods
for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules [Fenn,
Tanaka]
for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for
determining the three-dimensional structure of biological
macromolecules in solution[Wüthrich]
- R.
D. Kornberg (Chemistry, 2006)
for
his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription
- V.
Ramakrishnan, T.A. Steitz, A.E. Yonath (Chemistry
2009)
for
studies of the structure and function of the ribosome
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