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(-) Description

Title :  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DROSOPHILA DALLY-LIKE PROTEIN CORE DOMAIN
 
Authors :  M. -S. Kim, D. J. Leahy
Date :  11 Aug 10  (Deposition) - 27 Jul 11  (Release) - 21 Dec 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.40
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A
Keywords :  Alpha Helical Bundle, Hedgehog Signaling, Hedgehog Via Co- Immunoprecipitation, Membrane Protein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  M. S. Kim, A. M. Saunders, B. Y. Hamaoka, P. A. Beachy, D. J. Leahy
Structure Of The Protein Core Of The Glypican Dally-Like An Localization Of A Region Important For Hedgehog Signaling.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Usa V. 108 13112 2011
PubMed-ID: 21828006  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.1109877108

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - DALLY-LIKE PROTEIN
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemCRICETULUS GRISEUS
    Expression System PlasmidPSGHV0
    Expression System Taxid10029
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentUNP RESIDUES 74-399, 438-617
    GeneDLP, CG32146
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonFRUIT FLY
    Organism ScientificDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
    Organism Taxid7227

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric/Biological Unit A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 3ODN)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 3ODN)

(-) SS Bonds  (4, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1A:241 -A:392
2A:296 -A:328
3A:317 -A:553
4A:321 -A:538

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 3ODN)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 3ODN)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 3ODN)

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 3ODN)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:366
 aligned with Q9GPL5_DROME | Q9GPL5 from UniProtKB/TrEMBL  Length:765

    Alignment length:498
                                   126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396       406       416       426       436       446       456       466       476       486       496       506       516       526       536       546       556       566       576       586       596       606        
         Q9GPL5_DROME   117 TCCTYNMETRMAMQSRQQLEGHTKDQISRMSGILGSKATKFKDIFTALLKESRTQFNSMFIRTYGVIYERNSYVFSDLFKELETYFANGRVDLLEVMDKFFNTLYQKMFTVLNTQYTFDENYMRCVSEHMKELKPFGDVPDKLSVQIKRSFVATRTYGQALTTASEVAKKVLNVRLNADCTGALTKMQHCGACKGYTEKPCTNYCVNVIKGCLHYQHEFDSEWENFAMAMDKVAERLLGSFNIVMVVEPLNIKISEAIMNFQDSGQDITNRVFQGCGRPKLKKMKRSISPKLQGVQILNARSPVEADTLDIDETLDEAIVLRERRAAEPGSQETSSQQSQEQGVGKSGNGGGGGGGNNRRQQQRRKQQQQRRKQQNNRDDNDDDDNESGGGREPILDRIVRDIRQRVKDYKKFWSNLPHSVCSNEDIASSSDVDGMCWNGHTIDRYMHSITTEHGSNPEFTGNPASTKQTAQMASQLSHLKNAIVHLRNAYNGQDVEW 614
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh----.hhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhh......hhhhh..................--.....------------hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 3odn A 117 TCCTYNMETRMAMQSRQQLEGHTKDQISRMSGILGSKATKFKDIFTALLKESRTQFNSMFIRTYGVIYERNSYVFSDLFKELETYFANGRVDLLEVMDKFFNTLYQKMFTVLNTQYTFDENYMRCVSEHMKELKPFGDVPDKLSVQIKRSFVATRTYGQALTTASEVAKKVL----NADCTGALTKMQHCGACKGYTEKPCTNYCVNVIKGCLHYQHEFDSEWENFAMAMDKVAERLLGSFNIVMVVEPLNIKISEAIMNFQDSGQDITNRVFQGCGR------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EPILDRIVRDIRQRVKDYKKFWSNLPHSVCSNEDIASSSDVDGMCWNGHTIDRYMHSITTE--SNPEF------------MASQLSHLKNAIVHLRNAYNGQDVEW 614
                                   126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286 |    |296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       | -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  |    516       526       536       546       556       566  |  | 576         -  |    596       606        
                                                                                                                                                                                                     288  293                                                                                                  394                                                                                                                509                                                         569  | 576          589                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 572                                          

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:366
 aligned with Q9VUG1_DROME | Q9VUG1 from UniProtKB/TrEMBL  Length:765

    Alignment length:498
                                   126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396       406       416       426       436       446       456       466       476       486       496       506       516       526       536       546       556       566       576       586       596       606        
         Q9VUG1_DROME   117 TCCTYNMETRMAMQSRQQLEGHTKDQISRMSGILGSKATKFKDIFTALLKESRTQFNSMFIRTYGVIYERNSYVFSDLFKELETYFANGRVDLLEVMDKFFNTLYQKMFTVLNTQYTFDENYMRCVSEHMKELKPFGDVPDKLSVQIKRSFVATRTYGQALTTASEVAKKVLNVRLNADCTGALTKMQHCGACKGYTEKPCTNYCVNVIKGCLHYQHEFDSEWENFAMAMDKVAERLLGSFNIVMVVEPLNIKISEAIMNFQDSGQDITNRVFQGCGRPKLKKMKRSISPKLQGVQILNARSPVEADTLDIDETLDEAIVLRERRAAEPGSQETSAQQSQEQGVGKSGNGGGGGGGNNRRQQQRRKQQQQRRKQQNNRDDNDDDDNESGGGREPILDRIVRDIRQRVKDYKKFWSNLPHSVCSNEDIASSSDVDGMCWNGHTIDRYMHSITTEHGSNPEFTGNPASTKQTAQMASQLSHLKNAIVHLRNAYNGQDVEW 614
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh----.hhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhh......hhhhh..................--.....------------hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 3odn A 117 TCCTYNMETRMAMQSRQQLEGHTKDQISRMSGILGSKATKFKDIFTALLKESRTQFNSMFIRTYGVIYERNSYVFSDLFKELETYFANGRVDLLEVMDKFFNTLYQKMFTVLNTQYTFDENYMRCVSEHMKELKPFGDVPDKLSVQIKRSFVATRTYGQALTTASEVAKKVL----NADCTGALTKMQHCGACKGYTEKPCTNYCVNVIKGCLHYQHEFDSEWENFAMAMDKVAERLLGSFNIVMVVEPLNIKISEAIMNFQDSGQDITNRVFQGCGR------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EPILDRIVRDIRQRVKDYKKFWSNLPHSVCSNEDIASSSDVDGMCWNGHTIDRYMHSITTE--SNPEF------------MASQLSHLKNAIVHLRNAYNGQDVEW 614
                                   126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286 |    |296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       | -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  |    516       526       536       546       556       566  |  | 576         -  |    596       606        
                                                                                                                                                                                                     288  293                                                                                                  394                                                                                                                509                                                         569  | 576          589                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 572                                          

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 3ODN)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3ODN)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3ODN)

(-) Gene Ontology  (27, 53)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (Q9GPL5_DROME | Q9GPL5)
molecular function
    GO:0017147    Wnt-protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.
    GO:0043395    heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
biological process
    GO:0016055    Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
    GO:0007411    axon guidance    The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0048749    compound eye development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.
    GO:0008101    decapentaplegic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of decapentaplegic (dpp) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0050908    detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception    The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
    GO:0008587    imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.
    GO:0030178    negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
    GO:0007528    neuromuscular junction development    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
    GO:0030177    positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
    GO:0045880    positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
    GO:0045570    regulation of imaginal disc growth    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.
    GO:0008589    regulation of smoothened signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
    GO:0007367    segment polarity determination    Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.
    GO:0007224    smoothened signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.
    GO:0048190    wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation    The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
cellular component
    GO:0031225    anchored component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
    GO:0009897    external side of plasma membrane    The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0031594    neuromuscular junction    The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
    GO:0098595    perivitelline space    The space between the membrane of an oocyte and a surrounding membranous structure (zona pellucida or perivitelline membrane).
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0005578    proteinaceous extracellular matrix    A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

Chain A   (Q9VUG1_DROME | Q9VUG1)
molecular function
    GO:0017147    Wnt-protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.
    GO:0043395    heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
biological process
    GO:0016055    Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
    GO:0007411    axon guidance    The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0048749    compound eye development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.
    GO:0008101    decapentaplegic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of decapentaplegic (dpp) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0050908    detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception    The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
    GO:0008587    imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.
    GO:0030178    negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
    GO:0007528    neuromuscular junction development    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
    GO:0030177    positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
    GO:0045880    positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
    GO:0045570    regulation of imaginal disc growth    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.
    GO:0008589    regulation of smoothened signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
    GO:0007367    segment polarity determination    Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.
    GO:0007224    smoothened signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.
    GO:0048190    wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation    The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
cellular component
    GO:0031225    anchored component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
    GO:0009897    external side of plasma membrane    The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0031594    neuromuscular junction    The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
    GO:0098595    perivitelline space    The space between the membrane of an oocyte and a surrounding membranous structure (zona pellucida or perivitelline membrane).
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0005578    proteinaceous extracellular matrix    A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

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