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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURE OF A GROWTH FACTOR PRECURSOR
 
Authors :  H. Liu, X. He
Date :  12 Apr 10  (Deposition) - 16 Jun 10  (Release) - 18 Aug 10  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.40
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,E,F,X,Y
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  E,F  (1x)
Biol. Unit 3:  X,Y  (1x)
Keywords :  Cystine-Knot, Growth Factor, Hormone (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  A. H. Shim, H. Liu, P. J. Focia, X. Chen, P. C. Lin, X. He
Structures Of A Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Propeptide Complex And A Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Receptor Complex.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Usa V. 107 11307 2010
PubMed-ID: 20534510  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.1000806107

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR SUBUNIT A
    ChainsA, B, E, F, X, Y
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
    Expression System PlasmidPVL1393
    Expression System StrainHI5
    Expression System Taxid7108
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentUNP RESIDUES 21-181
    GenePDGF1, PDGFA
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymPDGF SUBUNIT A, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR A CHAIN, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA POLYPEPTIDE, PDGF-1

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  123456
Asymmetric Unit ABEFXY
Biological Unit 1 (1x)AB    
Biological Unit 2 (1x)  EF  
Biological Unit 3 (1x)    XY

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 3MJK)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 3MJK)

(-) SS Bonds  (24, 24)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1A:96 -A:140
2A:123 -B:132
3A:129 -A:177
4A:132 -B:123
5A:133 -A:179
6B:96 -B:140
7B:129 -B:177
8B:133 -B:179
9E:96 -E:140
10E:123 -F:132
11E:129 -E:177
12E:132 -F:123
13E:133 -E:179
14F:96 -F:140
15F:129 -F:177
16F:133 -F:179
17X:96 -X:140
18X:123 -Y:132
19X:129 -X:177
20X:132 -Y:123
21X:133 -X:179
22Y:96 -Y:140
23Y:129 -Y:177
24Y:133 -Y:179

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (6, 6)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Trp A:120 -Pro A:121
2Trp B:120 -Pro B:121
3Trp E:120 -Pro E:121
4Trp F:120 -Pro F:121
5Trp X:120 -Pro X:121
6Trp Y:120 -Pro Y:121

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 3MJK)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 12)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 12)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PDGF_2PS50278 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family profile.PDGFA_HUMAN83-184
 
 
 
 
 
  6A:83-180
B:87-182
E:87-180
F:87-183
X:88-181
Y:87-182
2PDGF_1PS00249 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family signature.PDGFA_HUMAN121-133
 
 
 
 
 
  6A:121-133
B:121-133
E:121-133
F:121-133
X:121-133
Y:121-133
Biological Unit 1 (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PDGF_2PS50278 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family profile.PDGFA_HUMAN83-184
 
 
 
 
 
  2A:83-180
B:87-182
-
-
-
-
2PDGF_1PS00249 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family signature.PDGFA_HUMAN121-133
 
 
 
 
 
  2A:121-133
B:121-133
-
-
-
-
Biological Unit 2 (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PDGF_2PS50278 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family profile.PDGFA_HUMAN83-184
 
 
 
 
 
  2-
-
E:87-180
F:87-183
-
-
2PDGF_1PS00249 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family signature.PDGFA_HUMAN121-133
 
 
 
 
 
  2-
-
E:121-133
F:121-133
-
-
Biological Unit 3 (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PDGF_2PS50278 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family profile.PDGFA_HUMAN83-184
 
 
 
 
 
  2-
-
-
-
X:88-181
Y:87-182
2PDGF_1PS00249 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family signature.PDGFA_HUMAN121-133
 
 
 
 
 
  2-
-
-
-
X:121-133
Y:121-133

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 3MJK)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:129
 aligned with PDGFA_HUMAN | P04085 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:211

    Alignment length:159
                                    31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171         
          PDGFA_HUMAN    22 EAEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSVGSEDSLDTSLRAHGVHATKHVPEKRPLPIRRKRSIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACA 180
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....hhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhh.....-----------------------------....-.........eeeeeeee.hhhhh.......eee..eeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee....eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) -------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_2  PDB: A:83-180 UniProt: 83-184                                                              PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_1       ----------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3mjk A  22 EAEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSV-----------------------------RRKR-IEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACA 180
                                    31        41        51 |       -         -         - |  | | 91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171         
                                                          53                            83 86 |                                                                                            
                                                                                             88                                                                                            

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:124
 aligned with PDGFA_HUMAN | P04085 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:211

    Alignment length:160
                                    32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182
          PDGFA_HUMAN    23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSVGSEDSLDTSLRAHGVHATKHVPEKRPLPIRRKRSIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACATT 182
               SCOP domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh.------------------------------------..........eeeeeeee.hhhhh.......eee..eeeeeeee.......eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeehhhhh.eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_2  PDB: B:87-182 UniProt: 83-184                                                                PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_1       ------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3mjk B  23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEI------------------------------------SIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACATT 182
                                    32        42       | -         -         -         -    |   92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182
                                                      50                                   87                                                                                               

Chain E from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:122
 aligned with PDGFA_HUMAN | P04085 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:211

    Alignment length:158
                                    32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172        
          PDGFA_HUMAN    23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSVGSEDSLDTSLRAHGVHATKHVPEKRPLPIRRKRSIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACA 180
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh.------------------------------------..........eeeeeeee.hhhhhh......eee..eeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_2  PDB: E:87-180 UniProt: 83-184                                                              PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_1       ----------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3mjk E  23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEI------------------------------------SIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACA 180
                                    32        42       | -         -         -         -    |   92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172        
                                                      50                                   87                                                                                             

Chain F from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:125
 aligned with PDGFA_HUMAN | P04085 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:211

    Alignment length:161
                                    32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182 
          PDGFA_HUMAN    23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSVGSEDSLDTSLRAHGVHATKHVPEKRPLPIRRKRSIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACATTS 183
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhh..------------------------------------..........eeeeeeee.hhhhhh......eee..eeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeehhhhh.eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_2  PDB: F:87-183 UniProt: 83-184                                                                 PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_1       -------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3mjk F  23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEI------------------------------------SIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACATTS 183
                                    32        42       | -         -         -         -    |   92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182 
                                                      50                                   87                                                                                                

Chain X from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:121
 aligned with PDGFA_HUMAN | P04085 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:211

    Alignment length:159
                                    32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172         
          PDGFA_HUMAN    23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSVGSEDSLDTSLRAHGVHATKHVPEKRPLPIRRKRSIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACAT 181
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhh..--------------------------------------.........eeeeeeee.hhhhh.......eee..eeeeeeee........eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_2  PDB: X:88-181 UniProt: 83-184                                                               PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_1       ------------------------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3mjk X  23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLE--------------------------------------IEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACAT 181
                                    32        42      |  -         -         -         -     |  92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172         
                                                     49                                     88                                                                                             

Chain Y from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:129
 aligned with PDGFA_HUMAN | P04085 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:211

    Alignment length:160
                                    32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182
          PDGFA_HUMAN    23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSVGSEDSLDTSLRAHGVHATKHVPEKRPLPIRRKRSIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACATT 182
               SCOP domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) PDGF_N-3mjkY07 Y:23-95                                                   PDGF-3mjkY01 Y:96-179                                                               --- Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) PDGF_N-3mjkY08 Y:23-95                                                   PDGF-3mjkY02 Y:96-179                                                               --- Pfam domains (2)
           Pfam domains (3) PDGF_N-3mjkY09 Y:23-95                                                   PDGF-3mjkY03 Y:96-179                                                               --- Pfam domains (3)
           Pfam domains (4) PDGF_N-3mjkY10 Y:23-95                                                   PDGF-3mjkY04 Y:96-179                                                               --- Pfam domains (4)
           Pfam domains (5) PDGF_N-3mjkY11 Y:23-95                                                   PDGF-3mjkY05 Y:96-179                                                               --- Pfam domains (5)
           Pfam domains (6) PDGF_N-3mjkY12 Y:23-95                                                   PDGF-3mjkY06 Y:96-179                                                               --- Pfam domains (6)
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh......-------------------------------..ee......eeeeeeee.hhhhhh......eee..eeeeeeee.......eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee......eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_2  PDB: Y:87-182 UniProt: 83-184                                                                PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PDGF_1       ------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3mjk Y  23 AEIPREVIERLARSQIHSIRDLQRLLEIDSVGS-------------------------------SIEEAVPAVCKTRTVIYEIPRSQVDPTSANFLIWPPCVEVKRCTGCCNTSSVKCQPSRVHHRSVKVAKVEYVRKKPKLKEVQVRLEEHLECACATT 182
                                    32        42        52  |      -         -         -    |   92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182
                                                           55                              87                                                                                               

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 3MJK)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3MJK)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 12)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Family: PDGF (19)
1aPDGF-3mjkY01Y:96-179
1bPDGF-3mjkY02Y:96-179
1cPDGF-3mjkY03Y:96-179
1dPDGF-3mjkY04Y:96-179
1ePDGF-3mjkY05Y:96-179
1fPDGF-3mjkY06Y:96-179

(-) Gene Ontology  (68, 68)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,E,F,X,Y   (PDGFA_HUMAN | P04085)
molecular function
    GO:0005088    Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity    Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
    GO:0005518    collagen binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
    GO:0008083    growth factor activity    The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
    GO:0046934    phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
    GO:0048407    platelet-derived growth factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with platelet-derived growth factor.
    GO:0005161    platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
biological process
    GO:0000165    MAPK cascade    An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
    GO:0030036    actin cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0001525    angiogenesis    Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
    GO:0009887    animal organ morphogenesis    Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
    GO:0001775    cell activation    A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
    GO:0030031    cell projection assembly    Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0007267    cell-cell signaling    Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
    GO:1990401    embryonic lung development    The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0030198    extracellular matrix organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
    GO:0001942    hair follicle development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.
    GO:0048839    inner ear development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0048286    lung alveolus development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0050919    negative chemotaxis    The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.
    GO:0010512    negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
    GO:0010544    negative regulation of platelet activation    Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
    GO:0046854    phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation    The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol.
    GO:0048015    phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling    A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
    GO:0002576    platelet degranulation    The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
    GO:0048008    platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
    GO:0045740    positive regulation of DNA replication    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
    GO:0070374    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:0043547    positive regulation of GTPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
    GO:0043406    positive regulation of MAP kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
    GO:0043410    positive regulation of MAPK cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
    GO:0051781    positive regulation of cell division    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.
    GO:0030335    positive regulation of cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0048146    positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
    GO:0002053    positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation    The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
    GO:0035793    positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration as a result of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta binding to one of its physiological ligands.
    GO:0014068    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0031954    positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
    GO:0051897    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
    GO:2000278    regulation of DNA biosynthetic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
    GO:0032956    regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0060683    regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland.
    GO:0072124    regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
    GO:0050730    regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
    GO:0014066    regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0014910    regulation of smooth muscle cell migration    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0032355    response to estradiol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
    GO:0001666    response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0010035    response to inorganic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
    GO:0010033    response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0032526    response to retinoic acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
    GO:0009611    response to wounding    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
    GO:0043588    skin development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
    GO:0007179    transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0042060    wound healing    The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
cellular component
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005788    endoplasmic reticulum lumen    The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005902    microvillus    Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
    GO:0031093    platelet alpha granule lumen    The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.

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