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(-) Description

Title :  MOLECULAR RECOGNITION OF FATTY ACIDS BY PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS
 
Authors :  H. E. Xu, M. H. Lambert, V. G. Montana, D. J. Parks, S. G. Blanchard, P. J. Brown, D. D. Sternbach, J. M. Lehmann, G. B. Wisely, T. M. Willson, S. A. Kliewer, M. V. Milburn
Date :  26 Apr 99  (Deposition) - 26 Apr 00  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.40
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Ppar, Fatty Acids, Transcription, Nuclear Receptor Fold, Transcription Regulation (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  H. E. Xu, M. H. Lambert, V. G. Montana, D. J. Parks, S. G. Blanchard, P. J. Brown, D. D. Sternbach, J. M. Lehmann, G. B. Wisely, T. M. Willson, S. A. Kliewer, M. V. Milburn
Molecular Recognition Of Fatty Acids By Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors.
Mol. Cell V. 3 397 1999
PubMed-ID: 10198642  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80467-0
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PROTEIN (PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR (PPAR-DELTA))
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE30)
    Expression System Taxid562
    FragmentLIGAND BIDING DOMAIN
    GenePPARD
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1EPA2Ligand/Ion5,8,11,14,17-EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID

(-) Sites  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREPHE A:282 , CYS A:285 , GLN A:286 , THR A:288 , THR A:289 , THR A:292 , HIS A:323 , ILE A:326 , MET A:329 , VAL A:348 , LEU A:353 , ILE A:363 , ILE A:364 , LYS A:367 , HIS A:449 , MET A:453 , LEU A:469 , TYR A:473BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE EPA A 1
2AC2SOFTWARELEU B:255 , PHE B:282 , CYS B:285 , GLN B:286 , THR B:288 , THR B:289 , GLU B:295 , HIS B:323 , ILE B:326 , LEU B:330 , LEU B:339 , VAL B:341 , VAL B:348 , LEU B:353 , ILE B:364 , LYS B:367 , HIS B:449 , MET B:453 , LEU B:469 , TYR B:473BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE EPA B 3

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3GWX)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 3GWX)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 3GWX)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 3GWX)

(-) Exons   (3, 6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 6)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003606941aENSE00001407360chr6:35310335-35310458124PPARD_HUMAN-00--
1.2ENST000003606942ENSE00001173010chr6:35314844-3531492784PPARD_HUMAN-00--
1.4ENST000003606944ENSE00001159519chr6:35378764-35378994231PPARD_HUMAN1-44440--
1.5ENST000003606945ENSE00001032078chr6:35387904-35388058155PPARD_HUMAN44-95520--
1.6ENST000003606946ENSE00000747035chr6:35389597-35389735139PPARD_HUMAN96-142470--
1.7ENST000003606947ENSE00000747037chr6:35391723-35391925203PPARD_HUMAN142-209682A:207-245
B:207-245
39
39
1.8aENST000003606948aENSE00001324592chr6:35392106-35392556451PPARD_HUMAN210-3601512A:246-396
B:246-396
151
151
1.9ENST000003606949ENSE00001401034chr6:35393609-353959552347PPARD_HUMAN360-441822A:396-477
B:396-477
82
82

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:271
 aligned with PPARD_HUMAN | Q03181 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:441

    Alignment length:271
                                   180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320       330       340       350       360       370       380       390       400       410       420       430       440 
          PPARD_HUMAN   171 QVADLKAFSKHIYNAYLKNFNMTKKKARSILTGKASHTAPFVIHDIETLWQAEKGLVWKQLVNGLPPYKEISVHVFYRCQCTTVETVRELTEFAKSIPSFSSLFLNDQVTLLKYGVHEAIFAMLASIVNKDGLLVANGSGFVTREFLRSLRKPFSDIIEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLALFIAAIILCGDRPGLMNVPRVEAIQDTILRALEFHLQANHPDAQYLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQMMQRIKKTETETSLHPLLQEIYKDMY 441
               SCOP domains d3gwxa_ A: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, PPAR-DELTA                                                                                                                                                                                                         SCOP domains
               CATH domains 3gwxA00 A:207-477 Retinoid X Receptor                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....hhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhh..........eee..hhhhhhhhh................hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeee....eeeehhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.7  PDB: A:207-245 [INCOMPLETE]  Exon 1.8a  PDB: A:246-396 UniProt: 210-360                                                                                                             --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: A:396-477 UniProt: 360-441                                          Transcript 1 (2)
                 3gwx A 207 QVADLKAFSKHIYNAYLKNFNMTKKKARSILTGKASHTAPFVIHDIETLWQAEKGLVWKQLVNGLPPYKEISVHVFYRCQCTTVETVRELTEFAKSIPSFSSLFLNDQVTLLKYGVHEAIFAMLASIVNKDGLLVANGSGFVTREFLRSLRKPFSDIIEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLALFIAAIILCGDRPGLMNVPRVEAIQDTILRALEFHLQANHPDAQYLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQMMQRIKKTETETSLHPLLQEIYKDMY 477
                                   216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396       406       416       426       436       446       456       466       476 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:271
 aligned with PPARD_HUMAN | Q03181 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:441

    Alignment length:271
                                   180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320       330       340       350       360       370       380       390       400       410       420       430       440 
          PPARD_HUMAN   171 QVADLKAFSKHIYNAYLKNFNMTKKKARSILTGKASHTAPFVIHDIETLWQAEKGLVWKQLVNGLPPYKEISVHVFYRCQCTTVETVRELTEFAKSIPSFSSLFLNDQVTLLKYGVHEAIFAMLASIVNKDGLLVANGSGFVTREFLRSLRKPFSDIIEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLALFIAAIILCGDRPGLMNVPRVEAIQDTILRALEFHLQANHPDAQYLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQMMQRIKKTETETSLHPLLQEIYKDMY 441
               SCOP domains d3gwxb_ B: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, PPAR-DELTA                                                                                                                                                                                                         SCOP domains
               CATH domains 3gwxB00 B:207-477 Retinoid X Receptor                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhh.....hhhhhhh......hhhhhhhh..............hhhhhhhhhh...............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeee....eeeehhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhh..... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.7  PDB: B:207-245 [INCOMPLETE]  Exon 1.8a  PDB: B:246-396 UniProt: 210-360                                                                                                             --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: B:396-477 UniProt: 360-441                                          Transcript 1 (2)
                 3gwx B 207 QVADLKAFSKHIYNAYLKNFNMTKKKARSILTGKASHTAPFVIHDIETLWQAEKGLVWKQLVNGLPPYKEISVHVFYRCQCTTVETVRELTEFAKSIPSFSSLFLNDQVTLLKYGVHEAIFAMLASIVNKDGLLVANGSGFVTREFLRSLRKPFSDIIEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLALFIAAIILCGDRPGLMNVPRVEAIQDTILRALEFHLQANHPDAQYLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQMMQRIKKTETETSLHPLLQEIYKDMY 477
                                   216       226       236       246       256       266       276       286       296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396       406       416       426       436       446       456       466       476 

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3GWX)

(-) Gene Ontology  (81, 81)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (PPARD_HUMAN | Q03181)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0051059    NF-kappaB binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters.
    GO:0004879    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding    Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0008144    drug binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
    GO:0005504    fatty acid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
    GO:0070539    linoleic acid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with linoleic acid, the 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid.
    GO:0008289    lipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003707    steroid hormone receptor activity    Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
    GO:0003713    transcription coactivator activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0001227    transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0060612    adipose tissue development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.
    GO:0006915    apoptotic process    A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
    GO:0097190    apoptotic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0008366    axon ensheathment    Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0031589    cell-substrate adhesion    The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0071456    cellular response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0071222    cellular response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0008203    cholesterol metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.
    GO:0046697    decidualization    The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.
    GO:0007566    embryo implantation    Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.
    GO:0006635    fatty acid beta-oxidation    A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
    GO:0009062    fatty acid catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
    GO:0019395    fatty acid oxidation    The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
    GO:0015908    fatty acid transport    The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
    GO:0006091    generation of precursor metabolites and energy    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
    GO:0006006    glucose metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
    GO:0015758    glucose transport    The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0030522    intracellular receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell.
    GO:0051546    keratinocyte migration    The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another.
    GO:0043616    keratinocyte proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.
    GO:0006629    lipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
    GO:0009299    mRNA transcription    The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0030308    negative regulation of cell growth    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0032966    negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
    GO:0050680    negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0050728    negative regulation of inflammatory response    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
    GO:0045662    negative regulation of myoblast differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
    GO:1902894    negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0014912    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
    GO:0048662    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0008654    phospholipid biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
    GO:0001890    placenta development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0045684    positive regulation of epidermis development    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
    GO:0045600    positive regulation of fat cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0032024    positive regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:2000288    positive regulation of myoblast proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
    GO:0014068    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0043415    positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration    Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0006029    proteoglycan metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
    GO:0042127    regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0045598    regulation of fat cell differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
    GO:0014842    regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0014823    response to activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
    GO:0009749    response to glucose    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
    GO:0010033    response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0033189    response to vitamin A    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
    GO:0043401    steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
    GO:0006367    transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0006776    vitamin A metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.
    GO:0042060    wound healing    The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
cellular component
    GO:0000790    nuclear chromatin    The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

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 Related Entries

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        PPARD_HUMAN | Q031811gwx 1y0s 2awh 2b50 2baw 2env 2gwx 2j14 2q5g 2xyj 2xyw 2xyx 2znp 2znq 3d5f 3dy6 3et2 3gz9 3oz0 3peq 3sp9 3tkm 5u3q 5u3r 5u3s 5u3t 5u3u 5u3v 5u3w 5u3x 5u3y 5u3z 5u40 5u41 5u42 5u43 5u44 5u45 5u46

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 3GWX)