molecular function |
| GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| GO:0070888 | | E-box binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an E-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CANNTG that is found in the promoters of a wide array of genes expressed in neurons, muscle and other tissues. |
| GO:0071837 | | HMG box domain binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an HMG box domain, a protein domain that consists of three helices in an irregular array. HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin. |
| GO:0000979 | | RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery. |
| GO:0000977 | | RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II. |
| GO:0001085 | | RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. |
| GO:0003682 | | chromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| GO:0000987 | | core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon. |
| GO:0001046 | | core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon. |
| GO:0001158 | | enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter. |
| GO:0005134 | | interleukin-2 receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-2 receptor. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0001071 | | nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA or RNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0046983 | | protein dimerization activity | | The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. |
| GO:0043565 | | sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. |
| GO:0003713 | | transcription coactivator activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. |
| GO:0003700 | | transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex. |
| GO:0008134 | | transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. |
| GO:0044212 | | transcription regulatory region DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors. |
| GO:0000976 | | transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon. |
| GO:0001077 | | transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter. |
| GO:0001078 | | transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0008270 | | zinc ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions. |
biological process |
| GO:0030217 | | T cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. |
| GO:0033077 | | T cell differentiation in thymus | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. |
| GO:0050852 | | T cell receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| GO:0045064 | | T-helper 2 cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4. |
| GO:0031929 | | TOR signaling | | A series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors. |
| GO:0048646 | | anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. |
| GO:0003180 | | aortic valve morphogenesis | | The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. |
| GO:0007411 | | axon guidance | | The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| GO:0061290 | | canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. |
| GO:0003215 | | cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis | | The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. |
| GO:0001775 | | cell activation | | A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. |
| GO:0001709 | | cell fate determination | | A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. |
| GO:0048469 | | cell maturation | | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. |
| GO:0000902 | | cell morphogenesis | | The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. |
| GO:0071773 | | cellular response to BMP stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus. |
| GO:0071345 | | cellular response to cytokine stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| GO:0035457 | | cellular response to interferon-alpha | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon. |
| GO:0071353 | | cellular response to interleukin-4 | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus. |
| GO:0071356 | | cellular response to tumor necrosis factor | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
| GO:0006338 | | chromatin remodeling | | Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation. |
| GO:0048589 | | developmental growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. |
| GO:0048565 | | digestive tract development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| GO:0043583 | | ear development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. |
| GO:0035162 | | embryonic hemopoiesis | | The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo. |
| GO:0048568 | | embryonic organ development | | Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| GO:0030218 | | erythrocyte differentiation | | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. |
| GO:0048872 | | homeostasis of number of cells | | Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. |
| GO:0006959 | | humoral immune response | | An immune response mediated through a body fluid. |
| GO:0002376 | | immune system process | | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. |
| GO:0001701 | | in utero embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| GO:0045087 | | innate immune response | | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| GO:0042472 | | inner ear morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. |
| GO:0072643 | | interferon-gamma secretion | | The regulated release of interferon-gamma from a cell. |
| GO:0072602 | | interleukin-4 secretion | | The regulated release of interleukin-4 from a cell. |
| GO:0001822 | | kidney development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| GO:0002088 | | lens development in camera-type eye | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| GO:0072676 | | lymphocyte migration | | The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| GO:0008584 | | male gonad development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0060374 | | mast cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. |
| GO:0060231 | | mesenchymal to epithelial transition | | A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell. |
| GO:0001823 | | mesonephros development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney. |
| GO:1901536 | | negative regulation of DNA demethylation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation. |
| GO:0045786 | | negative regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| GO:2000146 | | negative regulation of cell motility | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:2000607 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development. |
| GO:2000352 | | negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:0045599 | | negative regulation of fat cell differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. |
| GO:2000703 | | negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation. |
| GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:2000734 | | negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation. |
| GO:0050728 | | negative regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| GO:0032689 | | negative regulation of interferon-gamma production | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. |
| GO:0032703 | | negative regulation of interleukin-2 production | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. |
| GO:0033600 | | negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation. |
| GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0072179 | | nephric duct formation | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney. |
| GO:0072178 | | nephric duct morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney. |
| GO:0007399 | | nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| GO:0030182 | | neuron differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. |
| GO:0001764 | | neuron migration | | The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. |
| GO:0042421 | | norepinephrine biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. |
| GO:0071599 | | otic vesicle development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. |
| GO:0060017 | | parathyroid gland development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone. |
| GO:0035898 | | parathyroid hormone secretion | | The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system. |
| GO:0060037 | | pharyngeal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. |
| GO:0014065 | | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | A series of reactions within the signal-receiving cell, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions. |
| GO:0045582 | | positive regulation of T cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. |
| GO:2000553 | | positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production. |
| GO:0045597 | | positive regulation of cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. |
| GO:0001819 | | positive regulation of cytokine production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. |
| GO:0010595 | | positive regulation of endothelial cell migration | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0071442 | | positive regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone. |
| GO:2000617 | | positive regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation. |
| GO:0032736 | | positive regulation of interleukin-13 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production. |
| GO:2000667 | | positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-13 secretion. |
| GO:0032753 | | positive regulation of interleukin-4 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production. |
| GO:0032754 | | positive regulation of interleukin-5 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production. |
| GO:2000664 | | positive regulation of interleukin-5 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-5 secretion. |
| GO:0051897 | | positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. |
| GO:0009967 | | positive regulation of signal transduction | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
| GO:2000611 | | positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:2000679 | | positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding. |
| GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0072107 | | positive regulation of ureteric bud formation | | Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. |
| GO:0009791 | | post-embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| GO:0002572 | | pro-T cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed. |
| GO:0043370 | | regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation. |
| GO:2000683 | | regulation of cellular response to X-ray | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. |
| GO:0042035 | | regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines. |
| GO:2000114 | | regulation of establishment of cell polarity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity. |
| GO:0061085 | | regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone. |
| GO:0051569 | | regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3. |
| GO:0072182 | | regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. |
| GO:0043523 | | regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| GO:0010975 | | regulation of neuron projection development | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| GO:0006357 | | regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0072001 | | renal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0043627 | | response to estrogen | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| GO:0045471 | | response to ethanol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| GO:0010332 | | response to gamma radiation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| GO:0009615 | | response to virus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0048485 | | sympathetic nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter. |
| GO:0045061 | | thymic T cell selection | | The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus. |
| GO:0048538 | | thymus development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. |
| GO:0006366 | | transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). |
| GO:0006351 | | transcription, DNA-templated | | The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. |
| GO:0001806 | | type IV hypersensitivity | | An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation. |
| GO:0035799 | | ureter maturation | | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. |
| GO:0060676 | | ureteric bud formation | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. This process begins when the bud protrudes from the duct and ends when it is a recognizable bud. |
| GO:0060065 | | uterus development | | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0003281 | | ventricular septum development | | The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure. |
cellular component |
| GO:0000790 | | nuclear chromatin | | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus. |
| GO:0005730 | | nucleolus | | A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005667 | | transcription factor complex | | A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription. |