molecular function |
| GO:0004930 | | G-protein coupled receptor activity | | Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. |
| GO:0019838 | | growth factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate. |
| GO:0016520 | | growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity | | Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. |
| GO:0017046 | | peptide hormone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any peptide with hormonal activity in animals. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0004871 | | signal transducer activity | | Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. |
| GO:0004888 | | transmembrane signaling receptor activity | | Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. |
biological process |
| GO:0007186 | | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576). |
| GO:0007190 | | activation of adenylate cyclase activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase. |
| GO:0021984 | | adenohypophysis development | | The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus. |
| GO:0007189 | | adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| GO:0007188 | | adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| GO:0019933 | | cAMP-mediated signaling | | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. |
| GO:0048469 | | cell maturation | | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. |
| GO:0007166 | | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0071333 | | cellular response to glucose stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| GO:0032869 | | cellular response to insulin stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0008340 | | determination of adult lifespan | | The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle. |
| GO:0030252 | | growth hormone secretion | | The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood. |
| GO:0042445 | | hormone metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. |
| GO:0007595 | | lactation | | The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. |
| GO:0030879 | | mammary gland development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. |
| GO:0048609 | | multicellular organismal reproductive process | | The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. |
| GO:0030819 | | positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). |
| GO:0030816 | | positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0046010 | | positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep | | Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. |
| GO:0060124 | | positive regulation of growth hormone secretion | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. |
| GO:0046887 | | positive regulation of hormone secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. |
| GO:0043568 | | positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling. |
| GO:0040018 | | positive regulation of multicellular organism growth | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. |
| GO:0043567 | | regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling. |
| GO:0033143 | | regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway. |
| GO:0051246 | | regulation of protein metabolic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. |
| GO:0043627 | | response to estrogen | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| GO:0051384 | | response to glucocorticoid | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| GO:0032868 | | response to insulin | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0060133 | | somatotropin secreting cell development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. |
| GO:0030104 | | water homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell. |
cellular component |
| GO:0009986 | | cell surface | | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005637 | | nuclear inner membrane | | The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. |
| GO:0016363 | | nuclear matrix | | The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. |
| GO:0005640 | | nuclear outer membrane | | The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0042383 | | sarcolemma | | The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers. |
| GO:0030141 | | secretory granule | | A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. |