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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURAL BASIS OF HIV-1 TETHERING TO MEMBRANES BY THE BST2-TETHERIN ECTODOMAIN
 
Authors :  G. Natrajan, A. A. Mccarthy, W. Weissenhorn
Date :  25 Feb 10  (Deposition) - 28 Apr 10  (Release) - 08 Jun 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.77
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  C,D  (1x)
Biol. Unit 3:  E,F  (1x)
Biol. Unit 4:  G,H  (1x)
Biol. Unit 5:  I,J  (1x)
Biol. Unit 6:  K  (2x)
Keywords :  Tetherin, Gpi-Anchor, Antiviral Defense, B-Cell Activation, Immune System, Signal-Anchor (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  A. Hinz, N. Miguet, G. Natrajan, Y. Usami, H. Yamanaka, P. Renesto, B. Hartlieb, A. A. Mccarthy, J. P. Simorre, H. Gottlinger, W. Weissenhorn
Structural Basis Of Hiv-1 Tethering To Membranes By The Bst-2/Tetherin Ectodomain.
Cell Host Microbe V. 7 314 2010
PubMed-ID: 20399176  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.CHOM.2010.03.005

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - BONE MARROW STROMAL ANTIGEN 2
    ChainsA, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System StrainROSETTA2
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System VectorPETM11
    FragmentRESIDUES 87-147
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymHM1.24 ANTIGEN, BST-2, CD317, TETHERIN

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234567891011
Asymmetric Unit ABCDEFGHIJK
Biological Unit 1 (1x)AB         
Biological Unit 2 (1x)  CD       
Biological Unit 3 (1x)    EF     
Biological Unit 4 (1x)      GH   
Biological Unit 5 (1x)        IJ 
Biological Unit 6 (2x)          K

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (5, 38)

Asymmetric Unit (5, 38)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL7Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2GOL1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
3MG1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4MSE22Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
5NA7Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
Biological Unit 1 (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2GOL-1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
3MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4MSE4Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
5NA-1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
Biological Unit 2 (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2GOL-1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
3MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4MSE4Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
5NA-1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
Biological Unit 3 (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2GOL-1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
3MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4MSE4Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
5NA-1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
Biological Unit 4 (2, 5)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2GOL1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
3MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4MSE4Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
5NA-1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
Biological Unit 5 (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2GOL-1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
3MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4MSE4Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
5NA-1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
Biological Unit 6 (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2GOL-1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
3MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
4MSE4Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
5NA-1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION

(-) Sites  (15, 15)

Asymmetric Unit (15, 15)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
01AC1SOFTWARELYS B:106 , CL B:1149 , THR G:90BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA B1148
02AC2SOFTWARELEU B:102 , NA B:1148BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL B1149
03AC3SOFTWARENA F:1148BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL E1147
04AC4SOFTWARECL E:1147 , LYS F:106BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA F1148
05AC5SOFTWAREALA F:89BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL F1149
06AC6SOFTWARESER G:101 , CL G:1143BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL G1142
07AC7SOFTWARETHR A:94 , GOL G:1142BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL G1143
08AC8SOFTWAREASP G:103 , CL G:1144BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA G1145
09AC9SOFTWAREGLN G:110 , NA G:1145BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL G1144
10BC1SOFTWARECL H:1145BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA H1144
11BC2SOFTWARENA H:1144BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL H1145
12BC3SOFTWAREASN I:141 , LEU J:137 , ASN J:141BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG I1148
13BC4SOFTWARELYS I:106BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA I1149
14BC5SOFTWARECL J:1149BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA J1148
15BC6SOFTWARENA J:1148 , THR K:94BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL J1149

(-) SS Bonds  (5, 5)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1A:91 -B:91
2C:91 -D:91
3E:91 -F:91
4G:91 -H:91
5I:91 -J:91

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2X7A)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 6)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_012067V143FBST2_HUMANPolymorphism1804402A/B/E/F/I/JV143F

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_012067V143FBST2_HUMANPolymorphism1804402A/BV143F

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 2 (0, 0)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 3 (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_012067V143FBST2_HUMANPolymorphism1804402E/FV143F

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 4 (0, 0)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 5 (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_012067V143FBST2_HUMANPolymorphism1804402I/JV143F

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 6 (0, 0)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 2X7A)

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 2X7A)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:59
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:59
                                    98       108       118       128       138         
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------F---- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a A  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
                                   |98|      108       118       128       138         
                                  96-MSE                                               
                                     99-MSE                                            

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:59
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:59
                                    98       108       118       128       138         
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------F---- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a B  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
                                   |98|      108       118       128       138         
                                  96-MSE                                               
                                     99-MSE                                            

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:48
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:48
                                    98       108       118       128        
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVER 136
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2x7a C  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVER 136
                                   |98|      108       118       128        
                                  96-MSE                                    
                                     99-MSE                                 

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:56
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:56
                                    96       106       116       126       136      
           BST2_HUMAN    87 QAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQ 142
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a D  87 QAATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQ 142
                                    96  |    106       116       126       136      
                                    96-MSE                                          
                                       99-MSE                                       

Chain E from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:59
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:59
                                    97       107       117       127       137         
           BST2_HUMAN    88 AATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSV 146
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------F--- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a E  88 AATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSV 146
                                    97 |     107       117       127       137         
                                   96-MSE                                              
                                      99-MSE                                           

Chain F from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:59
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:59
                                    98       108       118       128       138         
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------F---- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a F  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
                                   |98|      108       118       128       138         
                                  96-MSE                                               
                                     99-MSE                                            

Chain G from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:54
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:54
                                    97       107       117       127       137    
           BST2_HUMAN    88 AATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRREN 141
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2x7a G  88 AATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRREN 141
                                    97 |     107       117       127       137    
                                   96-MSE                                         
                                      99-MSE                                      

Chain H from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:54
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:54
                                    98       108       118       128       138    
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQ 142
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2x7a H  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQ 142
                                   |98|      108       118       128       138    
                                  96-MSE                                          
                                     99-MSE                                       

Chain I from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:59
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:59
                                    98       108       118       128       138         
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------F---- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a I  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
                                   |98|      108       118       128       138         
                                  96-MSE                                               
                                     99-MSE                                            

Chain J from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:59
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:59
                                    98       108       118       128       138         
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------F---- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a J  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVR 147
                                   |98|      108       118       128       138         
                                  96-MSE                                               
                                     99-MSE                                            

Chain K from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:39
 aligned with BST2_HUMAN | Q10589 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:39
                                    98       108       118         
           BST2_HUMAN    89 ATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKL 127
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript --------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2x7a K  89 ATCNHTVmALmASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKL 127
                                   |98|      108       118         
                                  96-MSE                           
                                     99-MSE                        

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2X7A)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2X7A)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2X7A)

(-) Gene Ontology  (39, 39)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K   (BST2_HUMAN | Q10589)
molecular function
    GO:0008191    metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity    Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0004871    signal transducer activity    Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
biological process
    GO:0042113    B cell activation    The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0007267    cell-cell signaling    Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
    GO:0051607    defense response to virus    Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
    GO:0006959    humoral immune response    An immune response mediated through a body fluid.
    GO:0002376    immune system process    Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
    GO:0045087    innate immune response    Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0030308    negative regulation of cell growth    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0030336    negative regulation of cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0010951    negative regulation of endopeptidase activity    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
    GO:1901253    negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.
    GO:0002737    negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
    GO:0045071    negative regulation of viral genome replication    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
    GO:0043123    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
    GO:0032956    regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0035455    response to interferon-alpha    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.
    GO:0035456    response to interferon-beta    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.
    GO:0034341    response to interferon-gamma    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
    GO:0009615    response to virus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
    GO:0060337    type I interferon signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a type I interferon to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0031225    anchored component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
    GO:0016324    apical plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005887    integral component of plasma membrane    The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005770    late endosome    A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0045121    membrane raft    Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
    GO:0005771    multivesicular body    A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

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        BST2_HUMAN | Q105892lk9 2xg7 3mq7 3mq9 3mqb 3mqc 3nwh 4p6z

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