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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIN-BINDING DOMAIN OF HUMAN ALPHA-ACTININ-4 MUTANT(K255E)
 
Authors :  S. H. Lee, R. Dominguez
Date :  20 Aug 07  (Deposition) - 05 Feb 08  (Release) - 13 Jul 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.20
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B  (1x)
Keywords :  Calponin Homology Domain, Ch Domain, Structural Protein, Actin- Binding Protein, Actin-Crosslinking, Glomeruloscleros Spectrin Family, Disease Mutation, Nucleus, Phosphorylation (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  S. H. Lee, A. Weins, D. B. Hayes, M. R. Pollak, R. Dominguez
Crystal Structure Of The Actin-Binding Domain Of Alpha-Actinin-4 Lys255Glu Mutant Implicated In Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.
J. Mol. Biol. V. 376 317 2008
PubMed-ID: 18164029  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.JMB.2007.11.084

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - ALPHA-ACTININ-4
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPGEX-4T1-HTA
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentALPHA-ACTININ-4 (RESIDUES 47-271)
    GeneACTN4
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    StrainHUMAN
    SynonymNON-MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTININ 4, F-ACTIN CROSS-LINKING PROTEIN

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL4Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
Biological Unit 2 (1, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL3Ligand/IonGLYCEROL

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREGLY A:144 , TRP A:147 , THR A:148 , HOH A:382BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL A 1
2AC2SOFTWARELYS A:181 , ASN A:182 , GLN B:52 , TRP B:147 , GLU B:255 , HOH B:281 , HOH B:298 , HOH B:346BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL B 2
3AC3SOFTWARELYS B:54 , LYS B:239 , MET B:240 , LEU B:241 , ASP B:242 , HOH B:360BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL B 3
4AC4SOFTWAREHOH B:395BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL B 4

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2R0O)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2R0O)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (4, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 8)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_010378K255EACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939374A/BE255E
2UniProtVAR_010379T259IACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939375A/BT259I
3UniProtVAR_072115S262FACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)  ---A/BS262F
4UniProtVAR_010380S262PACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939376A/BS262P

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (4, 4)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_010378K255EACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939374AE255E
2UniProtVAR_010379T259IACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939375AT259I
3UniProtVAR_072115S262FACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)  ---AS262F
4UniProtVAR_010380S262PACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939376AS262P

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 2 (4, 4)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_010378K255EACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939374BE255E
2UniProtVAR_010379T259IACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939375BT259I
3UniProtVAR_072115S262FACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)  ---BS262F
4UniProtVAR_010380S262PACTN4_HUMANDisease (FSGS1)28939376BS262P

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (3, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 8)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CHPS50021 Calponin homology domain profile.ACTN4_HUMAN50-154
 
163-266
 
  4A:50-154
B:50-154
A:163-266
B:163-266
2ACTININ_1PS00019 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 1.ACTN4_HUMAN52-61
 
  2A:52-61
B:52-61
3ACTININ_2PS00020 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 2.ACTN4_HUMAN126-150
 
  2A:126-150
B:126-150
Biological Unit 1 (3, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CHPS50021 Calponin homology domain profile.ACTN4_HUMAN50-154
 
163-266
 
  2A:50-154
-
A:163-266
-
2ACTININ_1PS00019 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 1.ACTN4_HUMAN52-61
 
  1A:52-61
-
3ACTININ_2PS00020 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 2.ACTN4_HUMAN126-150
 
  1A:126-150
-
Biological Unit 2 (3, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CHPS50021 Calponin homology domain profile.ACTN4_HUMAN50-154
 
163-266
 
  2-
B:50-154
-
B:163-266
2ACTININ_1PS00019 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 1.ACTN4_HUMAN52-61
 
  1-
B:52-61
3ACTININ_2PS00020 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 2.ACTN4_HUMAN126-150
 
  1-
B:126-150

(-) Exons   (8, 16)

Asymmetric Unit (8, 16)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000002526991aENSE00001909908chr19:39138310-39138547238ACTN4_HUMAN1-54542A:46-54
B:44-54
9
11
1.3bENST000002526993bENSE00001756201chr19:39191240-39191354115ACTN4_HUMAN55-93392A:55-93
B:55-93
39
39
1.4ENST000002526994ENSE00001633778chr19:39191642-39191761120ACTN4_HUMAN93-133412A:93-133
B:93-133
41
41
1.5ENST000002526995ENSE00001741382chr19:39195574-3919566087ACTN4_HUMAN133-162302A:133-162
B:133-162
30
30
1.6ENST000002526996ENSE00001803629chr19:39196684-3919677188ACTN4_HUMAN162-191302A:162-191
B:162-191
30
30
1.7ENST000002526997ENSE00001686766chr19:39198757-3919883579ACTN4_HUMAN191-217272A:191-217
B:191-217
27
27
1.8bENST000002526998bENSE00001611972chr19:39200035-3920011682ACTN4_HUMAN218-245282A:218-245
B:218-245
28
28
1.9ENST000002526999ENSE00000895787chr19:39200897-3920098286ACTN4_HUMAN245-273292A:245-272
B:245-272
28
28
1.11ENST0000025269911ENSE00000895786chr19:39205109-3920520193ACTN4_HUMAN274-304310--
1.12cENST0000025269912cENSE00001680426chr19:39207726-39207956231ACTN4_HUMAN305-381770--
1.13ENST0000025269913ENSE00001603394chr19:39208567-39208714148ACTN4_HUMAN382-431500--
1.14aENST0000025269914aENSE00000895781chr19:39212178-39212328151ACTN4_HUMAN431-481510--
1.15bENST0000025269915bENSE00000895780chr19:39214254-39214362109ACTN4_HUMAN481-517370--
1.16ENST0000025269916ENSE00000895779chr19:39214577-39214717141ACTN4_HUMAN518-564470--
1.17ENST0000025269917ENSE00000895778chr19:39214797-39214979183ACTN4_HUMAN565-625610--
1.18aENST0000025269918aENSE00000895777chr19:39215071-39215205135ACTN4_HUMAN626-670450--
1.19bENST0000025269919bENSE00001749718chr19:39216364-39216543180ACTN4_HUMAN671-730600--
1.20ENST0000025269920ENSE00001675072chr19:39217597-39217743147ACTN4_HUMAN731-779490--
1.21bENST0000025269921bENSE00000895774chr19:39218586-3921866681ACTN4_HUMAN780-806270--
1.23ENST0000025269923ENSE00000895773chr19:39219636-39219794159ACTN4_HUMAN807-859530--
1.24dENST0000025269924dENSE00001731568chr19:39219914-392222232310ACTN4_HUMAN860-911520--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:227
 aligned with ACTN4_HUMAN | O43707 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:911

    Alignment length:227
                                    55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235       245       255       265       
          ACTN4_HUMAN    46 PAWEKQQRKTFTAWCNSHLRKAGTQIENIDEDFRDGLKLMLLLEVISGERLPKPERGKMRVHKINNVNKALDFIASKGVKLVSIGAEEIVDGNAKMTLGMIWTIILRFAIQDISVEETSAKEGLLLWCQRKTAPYKNVNVQNFHISWKDGLAFNALIHRHRPELIEYDKLRKDDPVTNLNNAFEVAEKYLDIPKMLDAEDIVNTARPDEKAIMTYVSSFYHAFSGAQ 272
               SCOP domains d2r0oa1 A:46-160 automated matches                                                                                 d2r0oa2 A:161-272 automated matches                                                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2r0oA01 A:46-158 Actin-binding Protein, T-fimbrin; domain 1                                                      2r0oA02 A:159-272 Actin-binding Protein, T-fimbrin; domain 1                                                       CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....ee..eehhhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E---I--F---------- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P---------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                PROSITE (1) ----CH  PDB: A:50-154 UniProt: 50-154                                                                        --------CH  PDB: A:163-266 UniProt: 163-266                                                                     ------ PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------ACTININ_1 ----------------------------------------------------------------ACTININ_2  PDB: A:126-150-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1aExon 1.3b  PDB: A:55-93 UniProt: 55-93 ---------------------------------------Exon 1.5  PDB: A:133-162      ----------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: A:191-217   Exon 1.8b  PDB: A:218-245   --------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -----------------------------------------------Exon 1.4  PDB: A:93-133 UniProt: 93-133  ----------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: A:162-191      -----------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: A:245-272     Transcript 1 (2)
                 2r0o A  46 FAWEKQQRKTFTAWCNSHLRKAGTQIENIDEDFRDGLKLMLLLEVISGERLPKPERGKMRVHKINNVNKALDFIASKGVKLVSIGAEEIVDGNAKMTLGMIWTIILRFAIQDISVEETSAKEGLLLWCQRKTAPYKNVNVQNFHISWKDGLAFNALIHRHRPELIEYDKLRKDDPVTNLNNAFEVAEKYLDIPKMLDAEDIVNTARPDEEAIMTYVSSFYHAFSGAL 272
                                    55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235       245       255       265       

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:229
 aligned with ACTN4_HUMAN | O43707 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:911

    Alignment length:229
                                    53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263         
          ACTN4_HUMAN    44 LDPAWEKQQRKTFTAWCNSHLRKAGTQIENIDEDFRDGLKLMLLLEVISGERLPKPERGKMRVHKINNVNKALDFIASKGVKLVSIGAEEIVDGNAKMTLGMIWTIILRFAIQDISVEETSAKEGLLLWCQRKTAPYKNVNVQNFHISWKDGLAFNALIHRHRPELIEYDKLRKDDPVTNLNNAFEVAEKYLDIPKMLDAEDIVNTARPDEKAIMTYVSSFYHAFSGAQ 272
               SCOP domains d2r0ob1 B:44-160 automated matches                                                                                   d2r0ob2 B:161-272 automated matches                                                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2r0oB01 B:44-158 Actin-binding Protein, T-fimbrin; domain 1                                                        2r0oB02 B:159-272 Actin-binding Protein, T-fimbrin; domain 1                                                       CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CH-2r0oB01 B:166-269                                                                                    --- Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CH-2r0oB02 B:166-269                                                                                    --- Pfam domains (2)
           Pfam domains (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CH-2r0oB03 B:166-269                                                                                    --- Pfam domains (3)
           Pfam domains (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CH-2r0oB04 B:166-269                                                                                    --- Pfam domains (4)
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...ee..eehhhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E---I--F---------- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P---------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                PROSITE (1) ------CH  PDB: B:50-154 UniProt: 50-154                                                                        --------CH  PDB: B:163-266 UniProt: 163-266                                                                     ------ PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------ACTININ_1 ----------------------------------------------------------------ACTININ_2  PDB: B:126-150-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1a  Exon 1.3b  PDB: B:55-93 UniProt: 55-93 ---------------------------------------Exon 1.5  PDB: B:133-162      ----------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: B:191-217   Exon 1.8b  PDB: B:218-245   --------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.4  PDB: B:93-133 UniProt: 93-133  ----------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: B:162-191      -----------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: B:245-272     Transcript 1 (2)
                 2r0o B  44 PEFAWEKQQRKTFTAWCNSHLRKAGTQIENIDEDFRDGLKLMLLLEVISGERLPKPERGKMRVHKINNVNKALDFIASKGVKLVSIGAEEIVDGNAKMTLGMIWTIILRFAIQDISVEETSAKEGLLLWCQRKTAPYKNVNVQNFHISWKDGLAFNALIHRHRPELIEYDKLRKDDPVTNLNNAFEVAEKYLDIPKMLDAEDIVNTARPDEEAIMTYVSSFYHAFSGAL 272
                                    53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263         

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 4)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 4)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) Pfam Domains  (1, 4)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Clan: CH (43)
(-)
Family: CH (43)
1aCH-2r0oB01B:166-269
1bCH-2r0oB02B:166-269
1cCH-2r0oB03B:166-269
1dCH-2r0oB04B:166-269

(-) Gene Ontology  (55, 55)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (ACTN4_HUMAN | O43707)
molecular function
    GO:0000977    RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0003779    actin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
    GO:0051015    actin filament binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.
    GO:0005509    calcium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
    GO:0031490    chromatin DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
    GO:0005178    integrin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
    GO:0044325    ion channel binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0030374    ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0035257    nuclear hormone receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent receptor found in the nucleus of the cell.
    GO:0001882    nucleoside binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0047485    protein N-terminus binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0042974    retinoic acid receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.
biological process
    GO:0051017    actin filament bundle assembly    The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
    GO:0070830    bicellular tight junction assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.
    GO:0051271    negative regulation of cellular component movement    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
    GO:1900025    negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
    GO:0035357    peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.
    GO:0002576    platelet degranulation    The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
    GO:1901224    positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
    GO:0030335    positive regulation of cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0051272    positive regulation of cellular component movement    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
    GO:0048549    positive regulation of pinocytosis    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
    GO:0032417    positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
    GO:1902396    protein localization to bicellular tight junction    A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a bicellular tight junction.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0042981    regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:1903506    regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
    GO:0001666    response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0048384    retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0030050    vesicle transport along actin filament    Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.
cellular component
    GO:0030018    Z disc    Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
    GO:0015629    actin cytoskeleton    The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
    GO:0005903    brush border    The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of a epithelial cells in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
    GO:0030054    cell junction    A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0005911    cell-cell junction    A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
    GO:0030863    cortical cytoskeleton    The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0005622    intracellular    The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
    GO:0030529    intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex    An intracellular macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
    GO:0043005    neuron projection    A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0031093    platelet alpha granule lumen    The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
    GO:0031143    pseudopodium    A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
    GO:0001725    stress fiber    A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber.

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