molecular function |
| GO:0004175 | | endopeptidase activity | | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. |
| GO:0016787 | | hydrolase activity | | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0016015 | | morphogen activity | | Acts as a trigger for a pattern specification process when present at a specific concentration within a gradient. |
| GO:0005113 | | patched binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins. |
| GO:0008233 | | peptidase activity | | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0005119 | | smoothened binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the smoothened (smo) protein, which interacts with patched to transmit hedgehog signals. |
biological process |
| GO:0001746 | | Bolwig's organ morphogenesis | | The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain. |
| GO:0045464 | | R8 cell fate specification | | The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. |
| GO:0007487 | | analia development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| GO:0009653 | | anatomical structure morphogenesis | | The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. |
| GO:0021960 | | anterior commissure morphogenesis | | Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum. |
| GO:0035288 | | anterior head segmentation | | Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments. |
| GO:0008595 | | anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo | | The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote. |
| GO:0048099 | | anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc | | Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment. |
| GO:0007267 | | cell-cell signaling | | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. |
| GO:0045168 | | cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment | | Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate. |
| GO:0007386 | | compartment pattern specification | | The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation. |
| GO:0001745 | | compound eye morphogenesis | | The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| GO:0001751 | | compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. |
| GO:0035231 | | cytoneme assembly | | Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell. |
| GO:0048066 | | developmental pigmentation | | The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. |
| GO:0007398 | | ectoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. |
| GO:0009880 | | embryonic pattern specification | | The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. |
| GO:0008544 | | epidermis development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
| GO:0007427 | | epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system | | The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| GO:0048592 | | eye morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. |
| GO:0007440 | | foregut morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized. |
| GO:0035224 | | genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation | | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium). |
| GO:0035215 | | genital disc development | | Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia. |
| GO:0035232 | | germ cell attraction | | The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target. |
| GO:0008354 | | germ cell migration | | The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form. |
| GO:0042078 | | germ-line stem cell division | | The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. |
| GO:0008347 | | glial cell migration | | The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. |
| GO:0007506 | | gonadal mesoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism. |
| GO:0040007 | | growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. |
| GO:0007507 | | heart development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| GO:0060914 | | heart formation | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. |
| GO:0007442 | | hindgut morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized. |
| GO:0007446 | | imaginal disc growth | | The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. |
| GO:0007447 | | imaginal disc pattern formation | | The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. |
| GO:0007474 | | imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification | | The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified. |
| GO:0016539 | | intein-mediated protein splicing | | The removal of an internal amino acid sequence (an intein) from a protein during protein maturation; the excision of inteins is precise and the N- and C-terminal exteins are joined by a normal peptide bond. Protein splicing involves 4 nucleophilic displacements by the 3 conserved splice junction residues. |
| GO:0035217 | | labial disc development | | Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis. |
| GO:0007478 | | leg disc morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura. |
| GO:0007498 | | mesoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. |
| GO:0016335 | | morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized. |
| GO:0002385 | | mucosal immune response | | An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract. |
| GO:0007275 | | multicellular organism development | | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). |
| GO:0031397 | | negative regulation of protein ubiquitination | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. |
| GO:0045861 | | negative regulation of proteolysis | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| GO:0007424 | | open tracheal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| GO:0030707 | | ovarian follicle cell development | | The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| GO:0030713 | | ovarian follicle cell stalk formation | | Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. |
| GO:0007280 | | pole cell migration | | The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form. |
| GO:0045743 | | positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| GO:0007228 | | positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity | | Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited. |
| GO:0045880 | | positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. |
| GO:0042993 | | positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| GO:0035289 | | posterior head segmentation | | Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains. |
| GO:0007458 | | progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis | | The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc. |
| GO:0016540 | | protein autoprocessing | | Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein. |
| GO:0030908 | | protein splicing | | The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence. |
| GO:0006508 | | proteolysis | | The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. |
| GO:0042127 | | regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:2000274 | | regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system. |
| GO:0007346 | | regulation of mitotic cell cycle | | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| GO:0046620 | | regulation of organ growth | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. |
| GO:0042306 | | regulation of protein import into nucleus | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| GO:0006357 | | regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0007367 | | segment polarity determination | | Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products. |
| GO:0007224 | | smoothened signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. |
| GO:0048103 | | somatic stem cell division | | The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. |
| GO:0035277 | | spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk. |
| GO:0035290 | | trunk segmentation | | Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8. |
| GO:0007418 | | ventral midline development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate. |
| GO:0048100 | | wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation | | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing. |
| GO:0007473 | | wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation | | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0030139 | | endocytic vesicle | | A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting. |
| GO:0005768 | | endosome | | A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |