2GU8 - JenaLib

Asym./Biol. Unit (Jmol Viewer)

Asym./Biol. Unit - sites (Jmol Viewer)

Title :   DISCOVERY OF 2-PYRIMIDYL-5-AMIDOTHIOPHENES AS NOVEL AND POTENT INHIBITORS FOR AKT: SYNTHESIS AND SAR STUDIES

Authors :   J. M. Murray

Date :   28 Apr 06 (Deposition) - 01 May 07 (Release) - 24 Feb 09 (Revision)

Method :   X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Resolution :   2.20

Chains :   Asym./Biol. Unit : A,C

Keywords :   Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase, Pka, Akt, Kinase, Drug Design, Ternary Complex, Signaling Protein, Transferase/Inhibitor Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )

Reference :   X. Lin, J. M. Murray, A. C. Rico, M. X. Wang, D. T. Chu, Y. Zhou, M. Del Rosario, S. Kaufman, S. Ma, E. Fang, K. Crawford, A. B. Jefferson
Discovery Of 2-Pyrimidyl-5-Amidothiophenes As Potent Inhibitors For Akt: Synthesis And Sar Studies
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. V. 16 4163 2006
PubMed-ID: 16765046 | Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.BMCL.2006.05.092
(for further references see the PDB file header)

Molecule 1 - CAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE, ALPHA-CATALYTIC SUBUNIT
	Chains	:	A
	EC Number	:	2.7.1.37
	Engineered	:	YES
	Expression System	:	ESCHERICHIA COLI
	Expression System Taxid	:	562
	Fragment	:	CATALYTIC SUBUNIT
	Organism Common	:	HUMAN
	Organism Scientific	:	HOMO SAPIENS
	Organism Taxid	:	9606
	Synonym	:	PKA C-ALPHA

Molecule 2 - INHIBITOR OF CAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE
	Chains	:	C
	Engineered	:	YES
	Synthetic	:	YES

		1	2
Asymmetric/Biological Unit	:	A	C

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 3)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	796	1	Ligand/Ion	N-[(1S)-2-AMINO-1-(2,4-DICHLOROBENZYL)ETHYL]-5-[2-(METHYLAMINO)PYRIMIDIN-4-YL]THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXAMIDE
2	SEP	1	Mod. Amino Acid	PHOSPHOSERINE
3	TPO	1	Mod. Amino Acid	PHOSPHOTHREONINE

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)

No.	Name	Evidence	Residues	Description
1	AC1	SOFTWARE	LEU A:49 , GLY A:50 , THR A:51 , GLY A:52 , GLY A:55 , ARG A:56 , ALA A:70 , ILE A:73 , LEU A:74 , VAL A:104 , GLU A:121 , TYR A:122 , VAL A:123 , ASN A:171 , LEU A:173 , THR A:183 , ASP A:184 , PHE A:327 , HOH A:1002 , HOH A:1012	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE 796 A 1001

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2GU8)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2GU8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (4, 4)

								dbSNP	PDB
No.	Source	Variant ID	Variant			UniProt ID	Status	ID	Chain	Variant
1	UniProt	VAR_040591	L	41	V	KAPCA_HUMAN	Polymorphism	56029020	A	L	40	V
2	UniProt	VAR_040592	R	46	Q	KAPCA_HUMAN	Polymorphism	56085217	A	R	45	Q
3	UniProt	VAR_071707	L	206	R	KAPCA_HUMAN	Disease (PPNAD4)	386352352	A	L	205	R
4	UniProt	VAR_040593	S	264	C	KAPCA_HUMAN	Polymorphism	35635531	A	S	263	C

SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 3)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP	PS00107	Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature.	KAPCA_HUMAN	50-73	1	A:49-72
2	PROTEIN_KINASE_ST	PS00108	Serine/Threonine protein kinases active-site signature.	KAPCA_HUMAN	163-175	1	A:162-174
3	AGC_KINASE_CTER	PS51285	AGC-kinase C-terminal domain profile.	KAPCA_HUMAN	299-351	1	A:298-350

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (10, 10)

	ENSEMBL					UniProtKB			PDB
No.	Transcript ID	Exon	Exon ID	Genome Location	Length	ID	Location	Length	Count	Location	Length
1.1	ENST00000308677	1	ENSE00001361389	chr19:14228559-14228314	246	KAPCA_HUMAN	1-16	16	1	A:14-15	2
1.3	ENST00000308677	3	ENSE00001606666	chr19:14218221-14218160	62	KAPCA_HUMAN	16-36	21	1	A:15-35	21
1.4	ENST00000308677	4	ENSE00000685588	chr19:14217700-14217572	129	KAPCA_HUMAN	37-79	43	1	A:36-78	43
1.5	ENST00000308677	5	ENSE00000685583	chr19:14213726-14213628	99	KAPCA_HUMAN	80-112	33	1	A:79-111	33
1.6	ENST00000308677	6	ENSE00000685579	chr19:14211720-14211638	83	KAPCA_HUMAN	113-140	28	1	A:112-139	28
1.7	ENST00000308677	7	ENSE00001738203	chr19:14208702-14208576	127	KAPCA_HUMAN	140-182	43	1	A:139-181	43
1.8	ENST00000308677	8	ENSE00000685568	chr19:14208486-14208391	96	KAPCA_HUMAN	183-214	32	1	A:182-213	32
1.9	ENST00000308677	9	ENSE00001592644	chr19:14208295-14208173	123	KAPCA_HUMAN	215-255	41	1	A:214-254	41
1.10	ENST00000308677	10	ENSE00001737778	chr19:14204604-14204440	165	KAPCA_HUMAN	256-310	55	1	A:255-309	55
1.11	ENST00000308677	11	ENSE00001143837	chr19:14204049-14202509	1541	KAPCA_HUMAN	311-351	41	1	A:310-350	41

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

Reformat:	Number of residues per line = ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
	Number of residues per labelling interval =
	UniProt sequence: complete aligned part

Show mapping:	SCOP domains	CATH domains	Pfam domains	Secondary structure (by author)
	SAPs(SNPs)	PROSITE motifs	Exons
	(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:337
 aligned with KAPCA_HUMAN | P17612 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:351

    Alignment length:337
                                    24        34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       
          KAPCA_HUMAN    15 SVKEFLAKAKEDFLKKWESPAQNTAHLDQFERIKTLGTGSFGRVMLVKHKETGNHYAMKILDKQKVVKLKQIEHTLNEKRILQAVNFPFLVKLEFSFKDNSNLYMVMEYVPGGEMFSHLRRIGRFSEPHARFYAAQIVLTFEYLHSLDLIYRDLKPENLLIDQQGYIQVTDFGFAKRVKGRTWTLCGTPEYLAPEIILSKGYNKAVDWWALGVLIYEMAAGYPPFFADQPIQIYEKIVSGKVRFPSHFSSDLKDLLRNLLQVDLTKRFGNLKNGVNDIKNHKWFATTDWIAIYQRKVEAPFIPKFKGPGDTSNFDDYEEEEIRVSINEKCGKEFSEF 351
               SCOP domains d2gu8a_ A: automated matches                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2gu8A01            2gu8A02 A:33-126,A:318-348 Phosphorylase Kinase; domain 1                                     2gu8A01 A:14-32,A:127-317 Transferase(Phosphotransferase) domain 1                                                                                                                             2gu8A02 A:33-126,A:318-348     -- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhh.eeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeehhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.........eeeeee...eeeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.ee....hhh.eee.....eee......ee........eehhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhh..............hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhh.......................................... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------V----Q---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R---------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -----------------------------------PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP      -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PROTEIN_KINAS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AGC_KINASE_CTER  PDB: A:298-350 UniProt: 299-351      PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) 1.--------------------Exon 1.4  PDB: A:36-78 UniProt: 37-79      Exon 1.5  PDB: A:79-111          Exon 1.6  PDB: A:112-139    ------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:182-213        Exon 1.9  PDB: A:214-254 UniProt: 215-255Exon 1.10  PDB: A:255-309 UniProt: 256-310             Exon 1.11  PDB: A:310-350                 Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -Exon 1.3  PDB: A:15-3-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: A:139-181 UniProt: 140-182  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 2gu8 A  14 SVKEFLAKAKEDFLKKWETPSQNTAQLDQFDRIKTLGTGSFGRVMLVKHKESGNHYAMKILDKQKVVKLKQIEHTLNEKRILQAVNFPFLVKLEFSFKDNSNLYMVMEYVAGGEMFSHLRRIGRFSEPHARFYAAQIVLTFEYLHSLDLIYRDLKPENLLIDEQGYIQVTDFGFAKRVKGRTWtLCGTPEYLAPEIILSKGYNKAVDWWALGVLIYEMAAGYPPFFADQPIQIYEKIVSGKVRFPSHFSSDLKDLLRNLLQVDLTKRFGNLKNGVNDIKNHKWFATTDWIAIYQRKVEAPFIPKFKGPGDTSNFDDYEEEEIRVsINEKCGKEFTEF 350
                                    23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193   |   203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333    |  343       
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 197-TPO                                                                                                                                      338-SEP

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:20
                                                    
               SCOP domains -------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhh........ee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------------- Transcript
                 2gu8 C 505 TTYADFIASGRTGRRNAIHD 524
                                   514       524

Legend:		→ Mismatch	(orange background)
	-	→ Gap	(green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
		→ Modified Residue	(blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
	x	→ Chemical Group	(purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
	extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '\|'

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

Classes(

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Folds(

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Superfamilies( (-)

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Families(

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Protein Domains( (-)

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Organisms( (-)

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Class: Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) (23004)

Fold: Protein kinase-like (PK-like) (2589)

Superfamily: Protein kinase-like (PK-like) (2589)

Family: Protein kinases, catalytic subunit (1977)

Protein domain: automated matches (542)

Human (Homo sapiens) [TaxId: 9606] (452)

d2gu8a_

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

Classes(

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Architectures( (-)

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Topologies( (-)

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Homologous Superfamilies( (-)

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Organisms( (-)

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Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

Architecture: 2-Layer Sandwich (8480)

Topology: Phosphorylase Kinase; domain 1 (1392)

Homologous Superfamily: Phosphorylase Kinase; domain 1 (1392)

Human (Homo sapiens) (1036)

2gu8A02

A:33-126,A:318-348

Class: Mainly Alpha (13335)

Architecture: Orthogonal Bundle (10391)

Topology: Transferase(Phosphotransferase); domain 1 (1379)

Homologous Superfamily: Transferase(Phosphotransferase) domain 1 (1379)

Human (Homo sapiens) (1049)

2gu8A01

A:14-32,A:127-317

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2GU8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)

Chain A (KAPCA_HUMAN | P17612)

molecular function
	GO:0005524	ATP binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
	GO:0004691	cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity	Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of cAMP.
	GO:0016301	kinase activity	Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
	GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0032403	protein complex binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0034237	protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.
	GO:0004672	protein kinase activity	Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
	GO:0019901	protein kinase binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
	GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
	GO:0004712	protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
	GO:0016740	transferase activity	Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
	GO:0031625	ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
biological process
	GO:0000086	G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.
	GO:0034199	activation of protein kinase A activity	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase A.
	GO:0007596	blood coagulation	The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
	GO:0035584	calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source	A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.
	GO:0086064	cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction	The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction.
	GO:0071872	cellular response to epinephrine stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
	GO:0071377	cellular response to glucagon stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
	GO:0071333	cellular response to glucose stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
	GO:0071374	cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
	GO:0042157	lipoprotein metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
	GO:0006397	mRNA processing	Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
	GO:0001707	mesoderm formation	The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
	GO:0050804	modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.
	GO:0051447	negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
	GO:1901621	negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.
	GO:0001843	neural tube closure	The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.
	GO:0018105	peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
	GO:0018107	peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
	GO:0016310	phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
	GO:0071158	positive regulation of cell cycle arrest	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
	GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
	GO:0046827	positive regulation of protein export from nucleus	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
	GO:0046777	protein autophosphorylation	The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
	GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
	GO:2000810	regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
	GO:1903779	regulation of cardiac conduction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
	GO:0055117	regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
	GO:0010881	regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
	GO:0043457	regulation of cellular respiration	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.
	GO:0051480	regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.
	GO:0002027	regulation of heart rate	Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
	GO:0045667	regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
	GO:0061136	regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
	GO:0043393	regulation of protein binding	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
	GO:0070613	regulation of protein processing	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
	GO:0060314	regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
	GO:0051966	regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
	GO:0003091	renal water homeostasis	Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.
	GO:0048240	sperm capacitation	A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.
	GO:0002223	stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway	Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a C-type lectin receptor capable of cellular activation.
cellular component
	GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
	GO:0005952	cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex	An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.
	GO:0034704	calcium channel complex	An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.
	GO:0042995	cell projection	A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
	GO:0005813	centrosome	A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
	GO:0097546	ciliary base	Area of the cilium (also called flagellum) where the basal body and the axoneme are anchored to the plasma membrane. The ciliary base encompasses the distal part of the basal body, transition fibers and transition zone and is structurally and functionally very distinct from the rest of the cilium. In this area proteins are sorted and filtered before entering the cilium, and many ciliary proteins localize specifically to this area.
	GO:0005929	cilium	A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
	GO:0005829	cytosol	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
	GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
	GO:0016020	membrane	A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
	GO:0005739	mitochondrion	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
	GO:0031514	motile cilium	A cilium which may have a variable arrangement of axonemal microtubules and also contains molecular motors. It may beat with a whip-like pattern that promotes cell motility or transport of fluids and other cells across a cell surface, such as on epithelial cells that line the lumenal ducts of various tissues; or they may display a distinct twirling motion that directs fluid flow asymmetrically across the cellular surface to affect asymmetric body plan organization. Motile cilia can be found in single as well as multiple copies per cell.
	GO:0031594	neuromuscular junction	The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
	GO:0043005	neuron projection	A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
	GO:0016607	nuclear speck	A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
	GO:0031588	nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex	A protein complex that possesses nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. The nucleotide can be AMP (in S. pombe and human) or ADP (in S. cerevisiae).
	GO:0005634	nucleus	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
	GO:0048471	perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
	GO:0044853	plasma membrane raft	A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.
	GO:0043234	protein complex	A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
	GO:0097225	sperm midpiece	The highly organized segment of the sperm flagellum which begins at the connecting piece and is characterized by the presence of 9 outer dense fibers (ODFs) that lie outside each of the 9 outer axonemal microtubule doublets and by a sheath of mitochondria that encloses the ODFs and the axoneme; the midpiece terminates about one-fourth of the way down the sperm flagellum at the annulus, which marks the beginning of the principal piece.

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
	Complete Structure
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	Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions
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	2gu8
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	2.7.1.37
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(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 2GU8)

Description

Compounds

Structural Features

Chains, Units

Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions (3, 3)

Sites (1, 1)

SS Bonds (0, 0)

Cis Peptide Bonds (0, 0)

Sequence-Structure Mapping

SAPs(SNPs)/Variants (4, 4)

PROSITE Motifs (3, 3)

Exons (10, 10)

Sequences/Alignments

Classification and Annotation

SCOP Domains (1, 1)

CATH Domains (2, 2)

Pfam Domains (0, 0)

Gene Ontology (77, 77)

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Databases

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Related Entries

Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

Related Entries Specified in the PDB File