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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN CYCLIN B1
 
Authors :  R. Basavappa, E. Petri
Date :  12 Oct 05  (Deposition) - 17 Oct 06  (Release) - 13 Jul 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.90
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B  (1x)
Keywords :  Cyclin, Cell Cycle (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  E. T. Petri, A. Errico, L. Escobedo, T. Hunt, R. Basavappa
The Crystal Structure Of Human Cyclin B.
Cell Cycle V. 6 1342 2007
PubMed-ID: 17495533

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - HUMAN CYCLIN B1
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPET-28 A+
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)CODONPLUS RIL
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentRESIDUES 165-433
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 2B9R)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 2B9R)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2B9R)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2B9R)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2B9R)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CYCLINSPS00292 Cyclins signature.CCNB1_HUMAN202-233
 
  2A:38-69
B:38-69
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CYCLINSPS00292 Cyclins signature.CCNB1_HUMAN202-233
 
  1A:38-69
-
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CYCLINSPS00292 Cyclins signature.CCNB1_HUMAN202-233
 
  1-
B:38-69

(-) Exons   (6, 12)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 12)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000002564421aENSE00001821671chr5:68462837-68463110274CCNB1_HUMAN1-770--
1.2ENST000002564422ENSE00001174968chr5:68463735-68463905171CCNB1_HUMAN8-64570--
1.3ENST000002564423ENSE00000972023chr5:68464000-68464170171CCNB1_HUMAN65-121570--
1.4ENST000002564424ENSE00000972024chr5:68467097-68467279183CCNB1_HUMAN122-182612A:7-18
B:7-18
12
12
1.5bENST000002564425bENSE00000972025chr5:68470078-68470236159CCNB1_HUMAN183-235532A:19-71
B:19-71
53
53
1.6bENST000002564426bENSE00000972026chr5:68470704-68470940237CCNB1_HUMAN236-314792A:72-150
B:72-150
79
79
1.7ENST000002564427ENSE00000972027chr5:68471224-68471364141CCNB1_HUMAN315-361472A:151-197
B:151-197
47
47
1.8bENST000002564428bENSE00000972028chr5:68473066-68473176111CCNB1_HUMAN362-398372A:198-234
B:198-234
37
37
1.9eENST000002564429eENSE00001938963chr5:68473351-68474072722CCNB1_HUMAN399-433352A:235-260
B:235-261
26
27

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:254
 aligned with CCNB1_HUMAN | P14635 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:433

    Alignment length:254
                                   180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320       330       340       350       360       370       380       390       400       410       420    
          CCNB1_HUMAN   171 VKDIYAYLRQLEEEQAVRPKYLLGREVTGNMRAILIDWLVQVQMKFRLLQETMYMTVSIIDRFMQNNCVPKKMLQLVGVTAMFIASKYEEMYPPEIGDFAFVTDNTYTKHQIRQMEMKILRALNFGLGRPLPLHFLRRASKIGEVDVEQHTLAKYLMELTMLDYDMVHFPPSQIAAGAFCLALKILDNGEWTPTLQHYLSYTEESLLPVMQHLAKNVVMVNQGLTKHMTVKNKYATSKHAKISTLPQLNSALVQ 424
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------2b9rA02 A:23-134  [code=1.10.472.10, no name defined]                                                           ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......hhhhhhhh.............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------CYCLINS  PDB: A:38-69           ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.4    Exon 1.5b  PDB: A:19-71 UniProt: 183-235             Exon 1.6b  PDB: A:72-150 UniProt: 236-314                                      Exon 1.7  PDB: A:151-197 UniProt: 315-361      Exon 1.8b  PDB: A:198-234            Exon 1.9e  PDB: A:235-260  Transcript 1
                 2b9r A   7 VKDIYAYLRQLEAAQAVRPKYLLGREVTGNMRAILIDWLVQVQMKFRLLQETMYMTVSIIDRFMQNNSVPKKMLQLVGVTAMFIASKYEEMYPPEIGDFAFVTDNTYTKHQIRQMEMKILRALNFGLGRPLPLHFLRRASKIGEVDVEQHTLAKYLMELTMLDYDMVHFPPSQIAAGAFSLALKILDNGEWTPTLQHYLSYTEESLLPVMQHLAKNVVMVNQGLTKHMTVKNKYATSKHAKISTLPQLNSALVQ 260
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106       116       126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256    

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:255
 aligned with CCNB1_HUMAN | P14635 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:433

    Alignment length:255
                                   180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320       330       340       350       360       370       380       390       400       410       420     
          CCNB1_HUMAN   171 VKDIYAYLRQLEEEQAVRPKYLLGREVTGNMRAILIDWLVQVQMKFRLLQETMYMTVSIIDRFMQNNCVPKKMLQLVGVTAMFIASKYEEMYPPEIGDFAFVTDNTYTKHQIRQMEMKILRALNFGLGRPLPLHFLRRASKIGEVDVEQHTLAKYLMELTMLDYDMVHFPPSQIAAGAFCLALKILDNGEWTPTLQHYLSYTEESLLPVMQHLAKNVVMVNQGLTKHMTVKNKYATSKHAKISTLPQLNSALVQD 425
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------2b9rB02 B:23-134  [code=1.10.472.10, no name defined]                                                           ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------CYCLINS  PDB: B:38-69           ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.4    Exon 1.5b  PDB: B:19-71 UniProt: 183-235             Exon 1.6b  PDB: B:72-150 UniProt: 236-314                                      Exon 1.7  PDB: B:151-197 UniProt: 315-361      Exon 1.8b  PDB: B:198-234            Exon 1.9e  PDB: B:235-261   Transcript 1
                 2b9r B   7 VKDIYAYLRQLEAAQAVRPKYLLGREVTGNMRAILIDWLVQVQMKFRLLQETMYMTVSIIDRFMQNNSVPKKMLQLVGVTAMFIASKYEEMYPPEIGDFAFVTDNTYTKHQIRQMEMKILRALNFGLGRPLPLHFLRRASKIGEVDVEQHTLAKYLMELTMLDYDMVHFPPSQIAAGAFSLALKILDNGEWTPTLQHYLSYTEESLLPVMQHLAKNVVMVNQGLTKHMTVKNKYATSKHAKISTLPQLNSALVQD 261
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106       116       126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256     

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2B9R)

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2B9R)

(-) Gene Ontology  (58, 58)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (CCNB1_HUMAN | P14635)
molecular function
    GO:0004693    cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. This reaction requires the binding of a regulatory cyclin subunit and full activity requires stimulatory phosphorylation by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK).
    GO:0035173    histone kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes.
    GO:0016301    kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
    GO:0005113    patched binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
biological process
    GO:0006977    DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest    A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle.
    GO:0000086    G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle    The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.
    GO:0031145    anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
    GO:0007049    cell cycle    The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
    GO:0051301    cell division    The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
    GO:0071398    cellular response to fatty acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
    GO:0071456    cellular response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0071283    cellular response to iron(III) ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.
    GO:0071407    cellular response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0048565    digestive tract development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
    GO:2000775    histone H3-S10 phosphorylation involved in chromosome condensation    Any histone H3-S10 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome condensation.
    GO:0001701    in utero embryonic development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
    GO:0000278    mitotic cell cycle    Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
    GO:0007080    mitotic metaphase plate congression    The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis.
    GO:0007077    mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly    The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs.
    GO:0007052    mitotic spindle organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:0010629    negative regulation of gene expression    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0001933    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0051436    negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:0001556    oocyte maturation    A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
    GO:0051987    positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
    GO:0060045    positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0045787    positive regulation of cell cycle    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0048146    positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
    GO:0033129    positive regulation of histone phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
    GO:0031442    positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
    GO:0045931    positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:0051437    positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle transition    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
    GO:0006461    protein complex assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex.
    GO:0006468    protein phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
    GO:0042787    protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    The process in which a ubiquitin group, or multiple groups, are covalently attached to the target protein, thereby initiating the degradation of that protein.
    GO:0051726    regulation of cell cycle    Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0060623    regulation of chromosome condensation    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.
    GO:0090266    regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
    GO:0051439    regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle    A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:0046680    response to DDT    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0009612    response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0009636    response to toxic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
    GO:0007283    spermatogenesis    The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
    GO:0042246    tissue regeneration    The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.
    GO:0055015    ventricular cardiac muscle cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
cellular component
    GO:0005813    centrosome    A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
    GO:0000942    condensed nuclear chromosome outer kinetochore    The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005815    microtubule organizing center    An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0000922    spindle pole    Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        CCNB1_HUMAN | P146352jgz 4y72 4yc3 5hq0 5lqf

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

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