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(-) Description

Title :  ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE
 
Authors :  O. El-Kabbani
Date :  06 Sep 94  (Deposition) - 20 Jun 96  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.48
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A
Keywords :  Oxidoreductase, Tim-Barrel (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  O. El-Kabbani, N. C. Green, G. Lin, M. Carson, S. V. Narayana, K. M. Moore, T. G. Flynn, L. J. Delucas
Structures Of Human And Porcine Aldehyde Reductase: An Enzyme Implicated In Diabetic Complications.
Acta Crystallogr. , Sect. D V. 50 859 1994
PubMed-ID: 15299353  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1107/S0907444994005275
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE
    ChainsA
    EC Number1.1.1.2
    OrganKIDNEY
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymALR1
    TissueMEDULLA, CORTEX

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric/Biological Unit A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 2ALR)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 2ALR)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2ALR)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2ALR)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_048212N52SAK1A1_HUMANPolymorphism2229540AN51S
2UniProtVAR_058909E55DAK1A1_HUMANPolymorphism6690497AE54D

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 3)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_1PS00798 Aldo/keto reductase family signature 1.AK1A1_HUMAN40-57  1A:39-56
2ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_2PS00062 Aldo/keto reductase family signature 2.AK1A1_HUMAN147-164  1A:146-163
3ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE_3PS00063 Aldo/keto reductase family putative active site signature.AK1A1_HUMAN261-276  1A:260-275

(-) Exons   (8, 8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (8, 8)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003720701aENSE00001778470chr1:46016215-46016827613AK1A1_HUMAN-00--
1.2ENST000003720702ENSE00001141118chr1:46018108-46018235128AK1A1_HUMAN-00--
1.3bENST000003720703bENSE00002193873chr1:46027461-4602755090AK1A1_HUMAN1-28281A:1-2727
1.4ENST000003720704ENSE00000771097chr1:46032241-46032360120AK1A1_HUMAN29-68401A:28-6740
1.5aENST000003720705aENSE00000771096chr1:46032541-46032692152AK1A1_HUMAN69-119511A:68-11851
1.5hENST000003720705hENSE00000771095chr1:46033654-46033849196AK1A1_HUMAN119-184661A:118-18366
1.6bENST000003720706bENSE00000771094chr1:46034157-46034356200AK1A1_HUMAN185-251671A:184-250 (gaps)67
1.6dENST000003720706dENSE00000771093chr1:46034599-4603467173AK1A1_HUMAN251-275251A:250-27425
1.7bENST000003720707bENSE00000771092chr1:46034815-4603490187AK1A1_HUMAN276-304291A:275-30329
1.8eENST000003720708eENSE00001667361chr1:46035563-46035721159AK1A1_HUMAN305-325211A:304-32421

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:312
 aligned with AK1A1_HUMAN | P14550 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:325

    Alignment length:324
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181       191       201       211       221       231       241       251       261       271       281       291       301       311       321    
          AK1A1_HUMAN     2 AASCVLLHTGQKMPLIGLGTWKSEPGQVKAAVKYALSVGYRHIDCAAIYGNEPEIGEALKEDVGPGKAVPREELFVTSKLWNTKHHPEDVEPALRKTLADLQLEYLDLYLMHWPYAFERGDNPFPKNADGTICYDSTHYKETWKALEALVAKGLVQALGLSNFNSRQIDDILSVASVRPAVLQVECHPYLAQNELIAHCQARGLEVTAYSPLGSSDRAWRDPDEPVLLEEPVVLALAEKYGRSPAQILLRWQVQRKVICIPKSITPSRILQNIKVFDFTFSPEEMKQLNALNKNWRYIVPMLTVDGKRVPRDAGHPLYPFNDPY 325
               SCOP domains d2alra_ A: Aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2alrA00 A:1-324 NADP-dependent oxidoreductase                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eee.....eee.eeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eee..hhh..hhhhhhhhhhh........hhh.eeeeee.hhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee...........................hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee...hhhhhhhh........eeeee.......hhhhhhhhhh..eeeee....------------.....hhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee...hhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhh.........eeee..eeee.............. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------S--D------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALDOKETO_REDUCTASE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALDOKETO_REDUCTA------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.3b  PDB: A:1-27     Exon 1.4  PDB: A:28-67 UniProt: 29-68   Exon 1.5a  PDB: A:68-118 UniProt: 69-119           -----------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.6b  PDB: A:184-250 (gaps) UniProt: 185-251                  ------------------------Exon 1.7b  PDB: A:275-303    Exon 1.8e             Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.5h  PDB: A:118-183 UniProt: 119-184                        ------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.6d  PDB: A:250-274-------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 2alr A   1 AASCVLLHTGQKMPLIGLGTWKSEPGQVKAAVKYALSVGYRHIDCAAIYGNEPEIGEALKEDVGPGKAVPREELFVTSKLWNTKHHPEDVEPALRKTLADLQLEYLDLYLMHWPYAFERGDNPFPKNADGTICYDSTHYKETWKALEALVAKGLVQALGLSNFNSRQIDDILSVASVRPAVLQVECHPYLAQNELIAHCQARGLEVTAYSPLG------------VLLEEPVVLALAEKYGRSPAQILLRWQVQRKVICIPKSITPSRILQNIKVFDFTFSPEEMKQLNALNKNWRYIVPMLTVDGKRVPRDAGHPLYPFNDPY 324
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210  |      -     | 230       240       250       260       270       280       290       300       310       320    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              213          226                                                                                                  

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2ALR)

(-) Gene Ontology  (19, 19)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (AK1A1_HUMAN | P14550)
molecular function
    GO:0047939    L-glucuronate reductase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NADP(+) = D-glucuronate + H(+) + NADPH.
    GO:0008106    alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity    Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+.
    GO:0004032    alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+.
    GO:0004033    aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity    Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.
    GO:0009055    electron carrier activity    Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
    GO:0042840    D-glucuronate catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
    GO:0019853    L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.
    GO:0046185    aldehyde catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.
    GO:0006081    cellular aldehyde metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.
    GO:0006006    glucose metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
    GO:0019640    glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.
    GO:1901687    glutathione derivative biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
cellular component
    GO:0016324    apical plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

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