molecular function |
| GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0017124 | | SH3 domain binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins. |
| GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| GO:0005128 | | erythropoietin receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the erythropoietin receptor. |
| GO:0043015 | | gamma-tubulin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin. |
| GO:0043208 | | glycosphingolipid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. |
| GO:0005178 | | integrin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin. |
| GO:0044325 | | ion channel binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient. |
| GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| GO:0004715 | | non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein. |
| GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| GO:0051219 | | phosphoprotein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated protein. |
| GO:0005161 | | platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0032403 | | protein complex binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| GO:0004713 | | protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate. |
| GO:0005102 | | receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
| GO:0031625 | | ubiquitin protein ligase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. |
biological process |
| GO:0001782 | | B cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0050853 | | B cell receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| GO:0002774 | | Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| GO:0002431 | | Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| GO:0060397 | | JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway | | The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes. |
| GO:0002250 | | adaptive immune response | | An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). |
| GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| GO:0031668 | | cellular response to extracellular stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. |
| GO:0034605 | | cellular response to heat | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. |
| GO:0071300 | | cellular response to retinoic acid | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus. |
| GO:0007417 | | central nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. |
| GO:0006935 | | chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| GO:0050663 | | cytokine secretion | | The regulated release of cytokines from a cell. Cytokines are any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity. |
| GO:0097028 | | dendritic cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. |
| GO:0030218 | | erythrocyte differentiation | | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. |
| GO:0042541 | | hemoglobin biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin. |
| GO:0030097 | | hemopoiesis | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. |
| GO:0002553 | | histamine secretion by mast cell | | The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells. |
| GO:0002768 | | immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response. |
| GO:0002376 | | immune system process | | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. |
| GO:0006954 | | inflammatory response | | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0045087 | | innate immune response | | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| GO:0035556 | | intracellular signal transduction | | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| GO:0031663 | | lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. |
| GO:0030889 | | negative regulation of B cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation. |
| GO:0070373 | | negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0043407 | | negative regulation of MAP kinase activity | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:1902532 | | negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. |
| GO:0070667 | | negative regulation of mast cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation. |
| GO:0002762 | | negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. |
| GO:0001933 | | negative regulation of protein phosphorylation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| GO:0034136 | | negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. |
| GO:0034144 | | negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. |
| GO:0031175 | | neuron projection development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| GO:0014003 | | oligodendrocyte development | | The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. |
| GO:0038083 | | peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation | | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein. |
| GO:0018108 | | peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. |
| GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| GO:0002576 | | platelet degranulation | | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet. |
| GO:0050861 | | positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| GO:0060369 | | positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. The Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway is a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0051272 | | positive regulation of cellular component movement | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. |
| GO:2000670 | | positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:0060252 | | positive regulation of glial cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. |
| GO:0070668 | | positive regulation of mast cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation. |
| GO:0010976 | | positive regulation of neuron projection development | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| GO:0070447 | | positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. |
| GO:0050731 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| GO:0043552 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. |
| GO:0042327 | | positive regulation of phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
| GO:0070304 | | positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. |
| GO:0042531 | | positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| GO:0046777 | | protein autophosphorylation | | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0002902 | | regulation of B cell apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:0050855 | | regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| GO:0070372 | | regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0033628 | | regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| GO:0001817 | | regulation of cytokine production | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. |
| GO:0050707 | | regulation of cytokine secretion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell. |
| GO:0045646 | | regulation of erythrocyte differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. |
| GO:0050727 | | regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. |
| GO:0033003 | | regulation of mast cell activation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation. |
| GO:0043304 | | regulation of mast cell degranulation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation. |
| GO:0090025 | | regulation of monocyte chemotaxis | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis. |
| GO:0090330 | | regulation of platelet aggregation | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. |
| GO:0051279 | | regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| GO:0043200 | | response to amino acid | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. |
| GO:0048678 | | response to axon injury | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. |
| GO:0009743 | | response to carbohydrate | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0009725 | | response to hormone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. |
| GO:0032868 | | response to insulin | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0014070 | | response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| GO:0043434 | | response to peptide hormone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. |
| GO:0006991 | | response to sterol depletion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. |
| GO:0009636 | | response to toxic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0002513 | | tolerance induction to self antigen | | Tolerance induction directed at self antigens. |
| GO:0007169 | | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005794 | | Golgi apparatus | | A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. |
| GO:0005913 | | cell-cell adherens junction | | An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0070062 | | extracellular exosome | | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. |
| GO:0031234 | | extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane | | The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. |
| GO:0034666 | | integrin alpha2-beta1 complex | | An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit. |
| GO:0042629 | | mast cell granule | | Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0045121 | | membrane raft | | Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. |
| GO:0030061 | | mitochondrial crista | | Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria. |
| GO:0005758 | | mitochondrial intermembrane space | | The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope. |
| GO:0031966 | | mitochondrial membrane | | Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0014069 | | postsynaptic density of dendrite | | An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. |