molecular function |
| GO:0030246 | | carbohydrate binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. |
| GO:0048030 | | disaccharide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units. |
| GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| GO:0005534 | | galactose binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides. |
| GO:0004871 | | signal transducer activity | | Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. |
biological process |
| GO:0070371 | | ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| GO:0071346 | | cellular response to interferon-gamma | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. |
| GO:0098586 | | cellular response to virus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. |
| GO:0006935 | | chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| GO:0007565 | | female pregnancy | | The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. |
| GO:0002376 | | immune system process | | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. |
| GO:0006954 | | inflammatory response | | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0060135 | | maternal process involved in female pregnancy | | A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it. |
| GO:0097029 | | mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation | | The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells. |
| GO:0002519 | | natural killer cell tolerance induction | | Tolerance induction of natural killer cells. |
| GO:2000562 | | negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0046007 | | negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0032682 | | negative regulation of chemokine production | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production. |
| GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0032689 | | negative regulation of interferon-gamma production | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. |
| GO:0043305 | | negative regulation of mast cell degranulation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation. |
| GO:0045953 | | negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity. |
| GO:0032720 | | negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| GO:0038066 | | p38MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| GO:0032834 | | positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response. |
| GO:2000563 | | positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0070374 | | positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0043123 | | positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| GO:0042346 | | positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. |
| GO:0051092 | | positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
| GO:2001190 | | positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell. |
| GO:0070241 | | positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death. |
| GO:2001269 | | positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:2000670 | | positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:2000510 | | positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis. |
| GO:2001200 | | positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:1902715 | | positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-gamma secretion. |
| GO:0050718 | | positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell. |
| GO:2001181 | | positive regulation of interleukin-10 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-10 secretion. |
| GO:2001184 | | positive regulation of interleukin-12 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-12 secretion. |
| GO:2000667 | | positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-13 secretion. |
| GO:0032753 | | positive regulation of interleukin-4 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production. |
| GO:2000778 | | positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion. |
| GO:2000484 | | positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-8 secretion. |
| GO:0071639 | | positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. |
| GO:0071636 | | positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta. |
| GO:1904469 | | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor secretion. |
| GO:0046598 | | positive regulation of viral entry into host cell | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell. |
| GO:0032673 | | regulation of interleukin-4 production | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production. |
| GO:0032674 | | regulation of interleukin-5 production | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production. |
| GO:1900744 | | regulation of p38MAPK cascade | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade. |
| GO:0070555 | | response to interleukin-1 | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| GO:0032496 | | response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0034134 | | toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 2. |
| GO:0034142 | | toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 4. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0070062 | | extracellular exosome | | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |