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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR THE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR AGONISTS
 
Authors :  Y. H. Peng, I. L. Lu, N. Mahindroo, C. H. Lin, H. P. Hsieh, S. Y. Wu
Date :  01 Aug 06  (Deposition) - 07 Aug 07  (Release) - 03 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.34
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (2x)
Keywords :  Ppar, Ligand Binding Protein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  N. Mahindroo, Y. H. Peng, C. H. Lin, U. K. Tan, E. Prakash, T. W. Lien, I. L. Lu, H. J. Lee, J. T. A. Hsu, X. Chen, C. C. Liao, P. C. Lyu, Y. S. Chao, S. Y. Wu, H. P. Hsieh
Structural Basis For The Structure-Activity Relationships Of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists
J. Med. Chem. V. 49 6421 2006
PubMed-ID: 17034149  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1021/JM060663C
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPGEX6P-1
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentLIGAND BINDING DOMAIN
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymPPAR-GAMMA

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (2x)AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1DRD1Ligand/Ion2-[(1-{3-[(6-BENZOYL-1-PROPYL-2-NAPHTHYL)OXY]PROPYL}-1H-INDOL-4-YL)OXY]-2-METHYLPROPANOIC ACID
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1DRD2Ligand/Ion2-[(1-{3-[(6-BENZOYL-1-PROPYL-2-NAPHTHYL)OXY]PROPYL}-1H-INDOL-4-YL)OXY]-2-METHYLPROPANOIC ACID

(-) Sites  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREGLU A:259 , ARG A:280 , PHE A:282 , GLY A:284 , CYS A:285 , GLN A:286 , ARG A:288 , SER A:289 , HIS A:323 , ILE A:341 , PHE A:363 , MET A:364 , HIS A:449 , TYR A:473BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE DRD A 101

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2HWR)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2HWR)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (6, 12)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 12)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_010725Q314PPPARG_HUMANUnclassified28936407A/BQ286P
2UniProtVAR_010726R316HPPARG_HUMANUnclassified28936407A/BR288H
3UniProtVAR_010727V318MPPARG_HUMANPolymorphism72551362A/BV290M
4UniProtVAR_022700F388LPPARG_HUMANDisease (FPLD3)72551363A/BF360L
5UniProtVAR_022701R425CPPARG_HUMANDisease (FPLD3)72551364A/BR397C
6UniProtVAR_010728P495LPPARG_HUMANPolymorphism121909244A/BP467L

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (6, 24)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_010725Q314PPPARG_HUMANUnclassified28936407A/BQ286P
2UniProtVAR_010726R316HPPARG_HUMANUnclassified28936407A/BR288H
3UniProtVAR_010727V318MPPARG_HUMANPolymorphism72551362A/BV290M
4UniProtVAR_022700F388LPPARG_HUMANDisease (FPLD3)72551363A/BF360L
5UniProtVAR_022701R425CPPARG_HUMANDisease (FPLD3)72551364A/BR397C
6UniProtVAR_010728P495LPPARG_HUMANPolymorphism121909244A/BP467L

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 2HWR)

(-) Exons   (3, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 6)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.6aENST000002878206aENSE00002160702chr3:12392971-12393173203PPARG_HUMAN1-28280--
1.8bENST000002878208bENSE00001774542chr3:12421203-12421430228PPARG_HUMAN28-104770--
1.9bENST000002878209bENSE00001762865chr3:12422821-12422990170PPARG_HUMAN104-160570--
1.10ENST0000028782010ENSE00001798725chr3:12434113-12434251139PPARG_HUMAN161-207470--
1.12aENST0000028782012aENSE00001804058chr3:12447381-12447580200PPARG_HUMAN207-273672A:207-245
B:207-245
39
39
1.13ENST0000028782013ENSE00001676214chr3:12458203-12458653451PPARG_HUMAN274-4241512A:246-396 (gaps)
B:246-396 (gaps)
151
151
1.14eENST0000028782014eENSE00001527068chr3:12475397-12475855459PPARG_HUMAN424-505822A:396-477
B:396-467
82
72

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:261
 aligned with PPARG_HUMAN | P37231 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:505

    Alignment length:271
                                   244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384       394       404       414       424       434       444       454       464       474       484       494       504 
          PPARG_HUMAN   235 ESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY 505
               SCOP domains d2hwra_ A: automated matches                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2hwrA00 A:207-477 Retinoid X Receptor                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhh.......eee.hhhhhhhhhh....----------.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeee....eeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P-H-M---------------------------------------------------------------------L------------------------------------C---------------------------------------------------------------------L---------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.12a  PDB: A:207-245 [INCOMPLETE]Exon 1.13  PDB: A:246-396 (gaps) UniProt: 274-424                                                                                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.14e  PDB: A:396-477 UniProt: 424-505                                        Transcript 1 (2)
                 2hwr A 207 ESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKF----------KEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY 477
                                   216       226       236       246       256       | -       276       286       296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396       406       416       426       436       446       456       466       476 
                                                                                   264        275                                                                                                                                                                                                          

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:253
 aligned with PPARG_HUMAN | P37231 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:505

    Alignment length:261
                                   244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384       394       404       414       424       434       444       454       464       474       484       494 
          PPARG_HUMAN   235 ESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHP 495
               SCOP domains d2hwrb_ B: automated matches                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2hwrB00 B:207-467 Retinoid X Receptor                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhh........eee.hhhhhhhh....--------.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eeee....eeeehhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P-H-M---------------------------------------------------------------------L------------------------------------C---------------------------------------------------------------------L SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.12a  PDB: B:207-245 [INCOMPLETE]Exon 1.13  PDB: B:246-396 (gaps) UniProt: 274-424                                                                                                      ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.14e  PDB: B:396-467 UniProt: 424-505 [INCOMPLETE]                 Transcript 1 (2)
                 2hwr B 207 ESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKI--------QEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHP 467
                                   216       226       236       246       256     |   -    |  276       286       296       306       316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396       406       416       426       436       446       456       466 
                                                                                 262      271                                                                                                                                                                                                    

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2HWR)

(-) Gene Ontology  (107, 107)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (PPARG_HUMAN | P37231)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0004879    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding    Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0033613    activating transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activating transcription factor, any protein whose activity is required to initiate or upregulate transcription.
    GO:0051393    alpha-actinin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats.
    GO:0050544    arachidonic acid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
    GO:0003682    chromatin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
    GO:0001046    core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
    GO:0008144    drug binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0030331    estrogen receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0030374    ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0004955    prostaglandin receptor activity    Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019903    protein phosphatase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.
    GO:0046965    retinoid X receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retinoid X receptor.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003707    steroid hormone receptor activity    Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0008134    transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
    GO:0044212    transcription regulatory region DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0007186    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
    GO:0006919    activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.
    GO:0031100    animal organ regeneration    The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.
    GO:0045165    cell fate commitment    The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
    GO:0048469    cell maturation    A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state.
    GO:0071455    cellular response to hyperoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
    GO:0032869    cellular response to insulin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0071380    cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
    GO:0071379    cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.
    GO:0071300    cellular response to retinoic acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
    GO:0071306    cellular response to vitamin E    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
    GO:0030855    epithelial cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
    GO:0019395    fatty acid oxidation    The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
    GO:0042593    glucose homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0045087    innate immune response    Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
    GO:0055088    lipid homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.
    GO:0006629    lipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
    GO:0042953    lipoprotein transport    The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0015909    long-chain fatty acid transport    The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
    GO:0045713    low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
    GO:0030224    monocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.
    GO:0002674    negative regulation of acute inflammatory response    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
    GO:0030308    negative regulation of cell growth    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0010887    negative regulation of cholesterol storage    Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
    GO:0032966    negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
    GO:0060336    negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
    GO:0010745    negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
    GO:2000230    negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
    GO:0010871    negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process    Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0010891    negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
    GO:0048662    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0051974    negative regulation of telomerase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0035357    peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.
    GO:0001890    placenta development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0045600    positive regulation of fat cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
    GO:0046321    positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
    GO:0048714    positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0060100    positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
    GO:0051091    positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0008217    regulation of blood pressure    Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
    GO:0060694    regulation of cholesterol transporter activity    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.
    GO:0042752    regulation of circadian rhythm    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
    GO:0045598    regulation of fat cell differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
    GO:0019216    regulation of lipid metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0060850    regulation of transcription involved in cell fate commitment    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0031000    response to caffeine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
    GO:0009409    response to cold    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
    GO:0036270    response to diuretic    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0043627    response to estrogen    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
    GO:0035902    response to immobilization stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.
    GO:0033993    response to lipid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
    GO:0055098    response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
    GO:0009612    response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:1901558    response to metformin    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus.
    GO:0007584    response to nutrient    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0010033    response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0032526    response to retinoic acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
    GO:0042594    response to starvation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
    GO:0033189    response to vitamin A    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
    GO:0048511    rhythmic process    Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.
    GO:0007165    signal transduction    The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
    GO:0043401    steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
    GO:0006367    transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0050872    white fat cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0090575    RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex    A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0043231    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle    Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        PPARG_HUMAN | P372311fm6 1fm9 1i7i 1k74 1knu 1nyx 1prg 1rdt 1wm0 1zeo 1zgy 2ath 2f4b 2fvj 2g0g 2g0h 2gtk 2hfp 2hwq 2i4j 2i4p 2i4z 2om9 2p4y 2pob 2prg 2q59 2q5p 2q5s 2q61 2q6r 2q6s 2q8s 2qmv 2vsr 2vst 2vv0 2vv1 2vv2 2vv3 2vv4 2xkw 2yfe 2zk0 2zk1 2zk2 2zk3 2zk4 2zk5 2zk6 2zno 2zvt 3ads 3adt 3adu 3adv 3adw 3adx 3an3 3an4 3b0q 3b0r 3b1m 3b3k 3bc5 3cdp 3cds 3cs8 3cwd 3d6d 3dzu 3dzy 3e00 3et0 3et3 3fej 3fur 3g9e 3gbk 3h0a 3ho0 3hod 3ia6 3k8s 3kmg 3lmp 3noa 3osi 3osw 3pba 3po9 3prg 3qt0 3r5n 3r8a 3r8i 3s9s 3sz1 3t03 3ty0 3u9q 3v9t 3v9v 3v9y 3vjh 3vji 3vn2 3vso 3vsp 3wj4 3wj5 3wmh 3x1h 3x1i 4a4v 4a4w 4ci5 4e4k 4e4q 4em9 4ema 4f9m 4fgy 4hee 4jaz 4jl4 4l96 4l98 4o8f 4oj4 4prg 4pvu 4pwl 4r06 4r2u 4r6s 4xld 4xta 4xuh 4xum 4y29 4yt1 5azv 5dsh 5dv3 5dv6 5dv8 5dvc 5dwl 5f9b 5gtn 5gto 5gtp 5hzc 5ji0 5tto 5two

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

2hwq