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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURAL BASIS OF HETERODIMERIC ECDYSTEROID RECEPTOR INTERACTION WITH NATURAL RESPONSE ELEMENT HSP27 GENE PROMOTER
 
Authors :  M. Jakob, R. Kolodziejczyk, M. Orlowski, S. Krzywda, A. Kowalska, J. Dutko-Gwozdz, T. Gwozdz, M. Kochman, M. Jaskolski, A. Ozyhar
Date :  13 Jun 06  (Deposition) - 22 May 07  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.95
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Keywords :  Transcription Regulation, Transcription Factor, Dna-Binding, Nuclear Protein, Nuclear Receptor, Zinc Finger, Transcription/Dna Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  M. Jakob, R. Kolodziejczyk, M. Orlowski, S. Krzywda, A. Kowalska, J. Dutko-Gwozdz, T. Gwozdz, M. Kochman, M. Jaskolski, A. Ozyhar
Novel Dna-Binding Element Within The C-Terminal Extension Of The Nuclear Receptor Dna-Binding Domain.
Nucleic Acids Res. V. 35 2705 2007
PubMed-ID: 17426125  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1093/NAR/GKM162
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - 5'- D(*CP*AP*AP*GP*GP*GP*TP*TP*CP*AP*AP*TP*GP*CP*AP*CP*TP*TP*GP *T)-3'
    ChainsC
    EngineeredYES
    Other DetailsNATURAL ECDYSONE RESPONSE ELEMENT
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 2 - 5'- D(*GP*AP*CP*AP*AP*GP*TP*GP*CP*AP*TP*TP*GP*AP*AP*CP*CP*CP*TP *T)-3'
    ChainsD
    EngineeredYES
    Other DetailsNATURAL ECDYSONE RESPONSE ELEMENT
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 3 - PROTEIN ULTRASPIRACLE
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPGEX-2T
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)PLYSS
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentULTRASPIRACLE DNA BINDING DOMAIN
    GeneUSP, CF1, NR2B4
    Organism CommonFRUIT FLY
    Organism ScientificDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
    Organism Taxid7227
    SynonymXR2C, CHORION FACTOR 1
 
Molecule 4 - ECDYSONE RECEPTOR
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPGEX-2T
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)PLYSS
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentECDSYONE RECEPTOR DNA BINDING DOMAIN
    GeneECR, NR1H1
    Organism CommonFRUIT FLY
    Organism ScientificDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
    Organism Taxid7227
    SynonymECDYSTEROID RECEPTOR, 20-HYDROXY-ECDYSONE RECEPTOR, 20E RECEPTOR, ECRH

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABCD

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1ZN4Ligand/IonZINC ION

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARECYS A:7 , CYS A:10 , CYS A:24 , CYS A:27BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN A 351
2AC2SOFTWARECYS A:43 , CYS A:49 , CYS A:59 , CYS A:62BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN A 352
3AC3SOFTWARECYS B:7 , CYS B:10 , CYS B:24 , CYS B:27BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN B 353
4AC4SOFTWARECYS B:43 , CYS B:49 , CYS B:59 , CYS B:62BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN B 354

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2HAN)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2HAN)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2HAN)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2PS51030 Nuclear hormone receptors DNA-binding domain profile.USP_DROME101-176  1A:4-79
ECR_DROME261-336  1B:4-79
2NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1PS00031 Nuclear hormones receptors DNA-binding region signature.USP_DROME104-130  1A:7-33
ECR_DROME264-290  1B:7-33

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 2HAN)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:78
 aligned with USP_DROME | P20153 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:508

    Alignment length:78
                                   110       120       130       140       150       160       170        
            USP_DROME   101 KHLCSICGDRASGKHYGVYSCEGCKGFFKRTVRKDLTYACRENRNCIIDKRQRNRCQYCRYQKCLTCGMKREAVQEER 178
               SCOP domains d2hana_ A: automated matches                                                   SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2hanA00 A:4-81 Erythroid Transcription Factor GATA-1, subunit A                CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ............eee..eeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhh................hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2  PDB: A:4-79 UniProt: 101-176                             -- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ---NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1          ------------------------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2han A   4 KHLCSICGDRASGKHYGVYSCEGCKGFFKRTVRKDLTYACRENRNCIIDKRQRNRCQYCRYQKCLTCGMKREAVQEER  81
                                    13        23        33        43        53        63        73        

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:87
 aligned with ECR_DROME | P34021 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:878

    Alignment length:87
                                   267       277       287       297       307       317       327       337       
            ECR_DROME   258 RVQEELCLVCGDRASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSVTKSAVYCCKFGRACEMDMYMRRKCQECRLKKCLAVGMRPECVVPENQCAMKR 344
               SCOP domains d2hanb_ B: automated matches                                                            SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2hanB00 B:1-87 Erythroid Transcription Factor GATA-1, subunit A                         CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...............eee..eeehhhhhhhhhhhhhh................hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh...hhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2  PDB: B:4-79 UniProt: 261-336                             -------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1          ------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2han B   1 RVQEELCLVCGDRASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSVTKSAVYCCKFGRACEMDMYMRRKCQECRLKKCLAVGMRPECVVPENQCAMKR  87
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80       

Chain C from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:20
                                                    
                 2han C   1 CAAGGGTTCAATGCACTTGT  20
                                    10        20

Chain D from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:20
                                                    
                 2han D   1 GACAAGTGCATTGAACCCTT  20
                                    10        20

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2HAN)

(-) Gene Ontology  (92, 130)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (USP_DROME | P20153)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0004879    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding    Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0035100    ecdysone binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.
    GO:0004884    ecdysteroid hormone receptor activity    Combining with an ecdysteroid hormone and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0042562    hormone binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
    GO:0005500    juvenile hormone binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with juvenile hormone, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
    GO:0008289    lipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003707    steroid hormone receptor activity    Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0000976    transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
    GO:0001077    transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0007298    border follicle cell migration    The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0071390    cellular response to ecdysone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
    GO:0048813    dendrite morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
    GO:0006697    ecdysone biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.
    GO:0035076    ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.
    GO:0007281    germ cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
    GO:0030522    intracellular receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell.
    GO:0007552    metamorphosis    A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0007517    muscle organ development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
    GO:0016319    mushroom body development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells.
    GO:0045596    negative regulation of cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0048666    neuron development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0016322    neuron remodeling    The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0035073    pupariation    The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.
    GO:0040034    regulation of development, heterochronic    Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.
    GO:0010906    regulation of glucose metabolic process    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
    GO:0046620    regulation of organ growth    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0035075    response to ecdysone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
    GO:0042594    response to starvation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
    GO:0043401    steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
    GO:0006366    transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
cellular component
    GO:0008232    activator ecdysone receptor complex    A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0008230    ecdysone receptor holocomplex    A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005700    polytene chromosome    A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.

Chain B   (ECR_DROME | P34021)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0001225    RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator, any protein involved in positive regulation of transcription of RNA polymerase II via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0004879    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding    Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0001047    core promoter binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
    GO:0035100    ecdysone binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.
    GO:0004884    ecdysteroid hormone receptor activity    Combining with an ecdysteroid hormone and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0070491    repressing transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription repressor, any protein whose activity is required to prevent or downregulate transcription.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0005496    steroid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.
    GO:0003707    steroid hormone receptor activity    Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0000976    transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
    GO:0001077    transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0007443    Malpighian tubule morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
    GO:0006914    autophagy    The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
    GO:0007298    border follicle cell migration    The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0048738    cardiac muscle tissue development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0010002    cardioblast differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
    GO:0007155    cell adhesion    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
    GO:0008362    chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process    Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0048813    dendrite morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
    GO:0008340    determination of adult lifespan    The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.
    GO:0035053    dorsal vessel heart proper cell fate commitment    The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to a heart proper cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into heart cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0018990    ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle    The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0035076    ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.
    GO:0035072    ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death    Any process induced by ecdysone that directly activates salivary gland programmed cell death during salivary gland histolysis.
    GO:0008544    epidermis development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
    GO:0007281    germ cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
    GO:0007390    germ-band shortening    The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.
    GO:0035188    hatching    The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure.
    GO:0008258    head involution    Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo.
    GO:0007488    histoblast morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.
    GO:0007561    imaginal disc eversion    The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.
    GO:0007476    imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.
    GO:0035193    larval central nervous system remodeling    Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0035180    larval wandering behavior    The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction.
    GO:0007616    long-term memory    The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.
    GO:0007552    metamorphosis    A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0007517    muscle organ development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
    GO:0016319    mushroom body development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells.
    GO:0044130    negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host    Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
    GO:0007406    negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0048666    neuron development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0016322    neuron remodeling    The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.
    GO:0048477    oogenesis    The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0007422    peripheral nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
    GO:0006911    phagocytosis, engulfment    The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0045938    positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep    Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0035073    pupariation    The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.
    GO:0035297    regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter    Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells.
    GO:0010506    regulation of autophagy    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
    GO:0043457    regulation of cellular respiration    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.
    GO:0040034    regulation of development, heterochronic    Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.
    GO:0010906    regulation of glucose metabolic process    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
    GO:0035206    regulation of hemocyte proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:1904799    regulation of neuron remodeling    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron remodeling.
    GO:0007468    regulation of rhodopsin gene expression    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. This includes transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational regulation.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0042220    response to cocaine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
    GO:0035075    response to ecdysone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
    GO:0035071    salivary gland cell autophagic cell death    The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.
    GO:0007291    sperm individualization    The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.
    GO:0007286    spermatid development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0043401    steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
    GO:0006366    transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
cellular component
    GO:0008232    activator ecdysone receptor complex    A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0008230    ecdysone receptor holocomplex    A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005700    polytene chromosome    A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
    GO:0008231    repressor ecdysone receptor complex    A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes.

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(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

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