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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE 22KDA N-TERMINAL FRAGMENT OF MOUSE APOLIPOPROTEIN E
 
Authors :  C. A. Peters-Libeu, E. Rutenber, Y. Newhouse, D. M. Hatters, K. H. Weisgraber
Date :  17 Dec 04  (Deposition) - 07 Jun 05  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.09
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A
Keywords :  Apolipoprotein E, Ldl Receptor Binding, Lipid Transport (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  D. M. Hatters, C. A. Peters-Libeu, K. H. Weisgraber
Engineering Conformational Destabilization Into Mouse Apolipoprotein E. A Model For A Unique Property Of Human Apolipoprotein E4
J. Biol. Chem. V. 280 26477 2005
PubMed-ID: 15890642  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M503910200
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - APOLIPOPROTEIN E
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    GeneAPOE
    Organism CommonHOUSE MOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090
    SynonymAPO-E

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric/Biological Unit A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1YA9)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1YA9)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1YA9)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Gly A:75 -Pro A:76
2Gly A:174 -Pro A:175

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1YA9)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 1YA9)

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1YA9)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:168
 aligned with APOE_MOUSE | P08226 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:311

    Alignment length:174
                                    31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181       191    
           APOE_MOUSE    22 PEVTDQLEWQSNQPWEQALNRFWDYLRWVQTLSDQVQEELQSSQVTQELTALMEDTMTEVKAYKKELEEQLGPVAEETRARLGKEVQAAQARLGADMEDLRNRLGQYRNEVHTMLGQSTEEIRARLSTHLRKMRKRLMRDAEDLQKRLAVYKAGAREGAERGVSAIRERLGPLV 195
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------Apolipoprotein-1ya9A01 A:54-177                                                                                              Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...------hhhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 1ya9 A   4 PEVTDQLEWQSNQPWEQALNRFWDYLRWVQTLSDQVQEELQSSQVTQELTALMEDTMTEVKAYKKELEEQLGPVAEETRARLGKEVQAAQARLGADMEDLRNRLGQYRNEVHTMLGQSTEEIRARLSTHLRKMRKRLMRDAEDLQKRLAVYKAGA------GVSAIRERLGPLV 177
                                    13        23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153    |    - |     173    
                                                                                                                                                                                    158    165            

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 1YA9)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 1YA9)

(-) Pfam Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Gene Ontology  (120, 120)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (APOE_MOUSE | P08226)
molecular function
    GO:0001540    amyloid-beta binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with amyloid-beta peptide/protein and/or its precursor.
    GO:0016209    antioxidant activity    Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage.
    GO:0015485    cholesterol binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
    GO:0017127    cholesterol transporter activity    Enables the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
    GO:0008201    heparin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0008289    lipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
    GO:0005319    lipid transporter activity    Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
    GO:0071813    lipoprotein particle binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
    GO:0050750    low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein receptor.
    GO:0046911    metal chelating activity    The formation of bonds from two or more atoms within the same ligand to a metal atom in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring.
    GO:0060228    phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity    Increases the activity of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase, an enzyme that converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lyso-phosphatidylcholines.
    GO:0005543    phospholipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0048156    tau protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
    GO:0070326    very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a very-low-density lipoprotein receptor.
biological process
    GO:0097113    AMPA glutamate receptor clustering    The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
    GO:0007186    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
    GO:0097114    NMDA glutamate receptor clustering    The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
    GO:0048844    artery morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.
    GO:0031103    axon regeneration    The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.
    GO:0019934    cGMP-mediated signaling    Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
    GO:0072358    cardiovascular system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
    GO:0006874    cellular calcium ion homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell.
    GO:0098869    cellular oxidant detoxification    Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity superoxide radicals or hydrogen peroxide.
    GO:0006695    cholesterol biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
    GO:0006707    cholesterol catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
    GO:0033344    cholesterol efflux    The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
    GO:0042632    cholesterol homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.
    GO:0008203    cholesterol metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.
    GO:0034382    chylomicron remnant clearance    The process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.
    GO:0055089    fatty acid homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.
    GO:0034380    high-density lipoprotein particle assembly    The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.
    GO:0034384    high-density lipoprotein particle clearance    The process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
    GO:0034375    high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling    The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
    GO:0055088    lipid homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.
    GO:0006629    lipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
    GO:0006869    lipid transport    The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
    GO:0042158    lipoprotein biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
    GO:0042159    lipoprotein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
    GO:0042157    lipoprotein metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
    GO:0015909    long-chain fatty acid transport    The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
    GO:0034374    low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling    The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
    GO:0051651    maintenance of location in cell    Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
    GO:0043407    negative regulation of MAP kinase activity    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
    GO:1902430    negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.
    GO:0030195    negative regulation of blood coagulation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
    GO:0043537    negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
    GO:0045541    negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
    GO:0090370    negative regulation of cholesterol efflux    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
    GO:0061000    negative regulation of dendritic spine development    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:1902951    negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
    GO:0001937    negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0050728    negative regulation of inflammatory response    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
    GO:0051055    negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
    GO:1903001    negative regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood brain barrier.
    GO:0043524    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:1901215    negative regulation of neuron death    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:1902999    negative regulation of phospholipid efflux    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
    GO:0010544    negative regulation of platelet activation    Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
    GO:1901627    negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
    GO:1901630    negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organization    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
    GO:0007263    nitric oxide mediated signal transduction    Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.
    GO:0033700    phospholipid efflux    The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle.
    GO:0044794    positive regulation by host of viral process    A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
    GO:1902004    positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.
    GO:0030828    positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
    GO:0010875    positive regulation of cholesterol efflux    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
    GO:0010873    positive regulation of cholesterol esterification    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
    GO:0060999    positive regulation of dendritic spine development    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:1902952    positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
    GO:0046889    positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
    GO:1903002    positive regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood brain barrier.
    GO:0032805    positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
    GO:0051044    positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.
    GO:1902998    positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.
    GO:1901216    positive regulation of neuron death    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:0051000    positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
    GO:1902995    positive regulation of phospholipid efflux    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
    GO:1901628    positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
    GO:1901631    positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
    GO:0017038    protein import    The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event.
    GO:0008104    protein localization    Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
    GO:0006898    receptor-mediated endocytosis    An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.
    GO:0032489    regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.
    GO:1900221    regulation of amyloid-beta clearance    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.
    GO:0030516    regulation of axon extension    Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.
    GO:0032374    regulation of cholesterol transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0010468    regulation of gene expression    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:1901214    regulation of neuron death    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:1902947    regulation of tau-protein kinase activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.
    GO:0002021    response to dietary excess    The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.
    GO:0006979    response to oxidative stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0001523    retinoid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.
    GO:0043691    reverse cholesterol transport    The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0019433    triglyceride catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
    GO:0006641    triglyceride metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.
    GO:0042311    vasodilation    An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.
    GO:0034447    very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance    The process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
    GO:0034372    very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling    The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
    GO:0019068    virion assembly    A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0072562    blood microparticle    A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.
    GO:0042627    chylomicron    A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0031012    extracellular matrix    A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:1903561    extracellular vesicle    Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region.
    GO:0034364    high-density lipoprotein particle    A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.
    GO:0034363    intermediate-density lipoprotein particle    A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm. IDL particles are found in blood and are formed by the delipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL). IDL particles are removed from blood by the liver, following binding to the APOE receptor, or are converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
    GO:0034362    low-density lipoprotein particle    A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0034361    very-low-density lipoprotein particle    A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm. It is found in blood and transports endogenous products (newly synthesized cholesterol and triglycerides) from the liver.

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