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(-) Description

Title :  INHIBITOR BOUND HUMAN ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME-RELATED CARBOXYPEPTIDASE (ACE2)
 
Authors :  P. Towler, B. Staker, S. G. Prasad, S. Menon, D. Ryan, J. Tang, T. Parsons M. Fisher, D. Williams, N. A. Dales, M. A. Patane, M. W. Pantoliano
Date :  07 Oct 03  (Deposition) - 03 Feb 04  (Release) - 13 Jul 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  3.00
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,C,D,E
Keywords :  Zinc Metallopeptidase Domain, Collectrin Homology Domain, Inhibitor Bound Conformation, Chloride Ion Binding Site, Zinc Ion Binding Site, Hydrolase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  P. Towler, B. Staker, S. G. Prasad, S. Menon, J. Tang, T. Parsons, D. Ryan, M. Fisher, D. Williams, N. A. Dales, M. A. Patane, M. W. Pantoliano
Ace2 X-Ray Structures Reveal A Large Hinge-Bending Motion Important For Inhibitor Binding And Catalysis.
J. Biol. Chem. V. 279 17996 2004
PubMed-ID: 14754895  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M311191200
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - ANGIOTENSIN I CONVERTING ENZYME 2
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
    Expression System Cell LineSF9
    Expression System CommonFALL ARMYWORM
    Expression System Taxid7108
    Expression System VectorPBAC PAK9
    Expression System Vector TypeBACULOVIRUS
    FragmentEXTRACELLULAR DOMAINS
    GeneACE2
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME-LIKE PROTEIN, ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME-RELATED CARBOXYPEPTIDASE
 
Molecule 2 - DISORDERED SEGMENT OF COLLECTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
    Expression System Cell LineSF9
    Expression System CommonFALL ARMYWORM
    Expression System Taxid7108
    Expression System VectorPBAC PAK9
    Expression System Vector TypeBACULOVIRUS
    GeneACE2
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
 
Molecule 3 - DISORDERED SEGMENT OF COLLECTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN
    ChainsC
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
    Expression System Cell LineSF9
    Expression System CommonFALL ARMYWORM
    Expression System Taxid7108
    Expression System VectorPBAC PAK9
    Expression System Vector TypeBACULOVIRUS
    GeneACE2
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
 
Molecule 4 - DISORDERED SEGMENT OF COLLECTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN
    ChainsD
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
    Expression System Cell LineSF9
    Expression System CommonFALL ARMYWORM
    Expression System Taxid7108
    Expression System VectorPBAC PAK9
    Expression System Vector TypeBACULOVIRUS
    GeneACE2
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
 
Molecule 5 - DISORDERED SEGMENT OF COLLECTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN
    ChainsE
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
    Expression System Cell LineSF9
    Expression System CommonFALL ARMYWORM
    Expression System Taxid7108
    Expression System VectorPBAC PAK9
    Expression System Vector TypeBACULOVIRUS
    GeneACE2
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12345
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABCDE

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (5, 63)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (5, 63)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CL1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
2NAG2Ligand/IonN-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE
3UNK58Mod. Amino Acid
4XX51Ligand/Ion(S,S)-2-{1-CARBOXY-2-[3-(3,5-DICHLORO-BENZYL)-3H-IMIDAZOL-4-YL]-ETHYLAMINO}-4-METHYL-PENTANOIC ACID
5ZN1Ligand/IonZINC ION

(-) Sites  (5, 5)

Asymmetric Unit (5, 5)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARELYS A:26 , ASN A:90BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NAG A 800
2AC2SOFTWAREGLN A:81 , ASN A:103BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NAG A 801
3AC3SOFTWAREARG A:169 , ASP A:499BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL A 802
4AC4SOFTWAREHIS A:374 , HIS A:378 , GLU A:402 , XX5 A:804BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN A 803
5AC5SOFTWAREARG A:273 , HIS A:345 , PRO A:346 , ASP A:368 , THR A:371 , GLU A:375 , HIS A:378 , GLU A:402 , PHE A:504 , HIS A:505 , TYR A:510 , ARG A:514 , TYR A:515 , ZN A:803BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE XX5 A 804

(-) SS Bonds  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1A:133 -A:141
2A:344 -A:361
3A:530 -A:542

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Glu A:145 -Pro A:146

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_023082K26RACE2_HUMANPolymorphism4646116AK26R

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1ZINC_PROTEASEPS00142 Neutral zinc metallopeptidases, zinc-binding region signature.ACE2_HUMAN371-380  1A:371-380

(-) Exons   (14, 14)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (14, 14)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.2ENST000002525192ENSE00002198181X:15619137-15618849289ACE2_HUMAN1-62621A:19-6244
1.3bENST000002525193bENSE00000894057X:15613126-15612968159ACE2_HUMAN63-115531A:63-11553
1.4ENST000002525194ENSE00000894058X:15610445-1561035294ACE2_HUMAN116-147321A:116-14732
1.5ENST000002525195ENSE00000894059X:15609979-15609836144ACE2_HUMAN147-195491A:147-19549
1.6ENST000002525196ENSE00000894060X:15607579-15607467113ACE2_HUMAN195-232381A:195-23238
1.7ENST000002525197ENSE00000894061X:15605981-15605876106ACE2_HUMAN233-268361A:233-26836
1.8ENST000002525198ENSE00000894062X:15603695-1560359898ACE2_HUMAN268-300331A:268-30033
1.9ENST000002525199ENSE00000894063X:15599513-15599344170ACE2_HUMAN301-357571A:301-35757
1.10ENST0000025251910ENSE00000894064X:15596438-15596212227ACE2_HUMAN357-433771A:357-43377
1.11ENST0000025251911ENSE00000894065X:15593933-15593789145ACE2_HUMAN433-481491A:433-48149
1.12ENST0000025251912ENSE00000894066X:15591588-1559149099ACE2_HUMAN481-514341A:481-51434
1.13ENST0000025251913ENSE00000894067X:15590446-15590324123ACE2_HUMAN514-555421A:514-55542
1.14ENST0000025251914ENSE00000894068X:15589919-15589747173ACE2_HUMAN555-613591A:555-61359
1.15ENST0000025251915ENSE00000894069X:15588476-1558841859ACE2_HUMAN613-632201A:613-6153
1.16ENST0000025251916ENSE00000894070X:15585949-15585849101ACE2_HUMAN633-666340--
1.17bENST0000025251917bENSE00000894071X:15584492-15584376117ACE2_HUMAN666-705400--
1.18ENST0000025251918ENSE00000894072X:15582341-15582147195ACE2_HUMAN705-770660--
1.19cENST0000025251919cENSE00001334055X:15580136-15579156981ACE2_HUMAN770-805360--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:597
 aligned with ACE2_HUMAN | Q9BYF1 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:805

    Alignment length:597
                                    28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268       278       288       298       308       318       328       338       348       358       368       378       388       398       408       418       428       438       448       458       468       478       488       498       508       518       528       538       548       558       568       578       588       598       608       
           ACE2_HUMAN    19 STIEEQAKTFLDKFNHEAEDLFYQSSLASWNYNTNITEENVQNMNNAGDKWSAFLKEQSTLAQMYPLQEIQNLTVKLQLQALQQNGSSVLSEDKSKRLNTILNTMSTIYSTGKVCNPDNPQECLLLEPGLNEIMANSLDYNERLWAWESWRSEVGKQLRPLYEEYVVLKNEMARANHYEDYGDYWRGDYEVNGVDGYDYSRGQLIEDVEHTFEEIKPLYEHLHAYVRAKLMNAYPSYISPIGCLPAHLLGDMWGRFWTNLYSLTVPFGQKPNIDVTDAMVDQAWDAQRIFKEAEKFFVSVGLPNMTQGFWENSMLTDPGNVQKAVCHPTAWDLGKGDFRILMCTKVTMDDFLTAHHEMGHIQYDMAYAAQPFLLRNGANEGFHEAVGEIMSLSAATPKHLKSIGLLSPDFQEDNETEINFLLKQALTIVGTLPFTYMLEKWRWMVFKGEIPKDQWMKKWWEMKREIVGVVEPVPHDETYCDPASLFHVSNDYSFIRYYTRTLYQFQFQEALCQAAKHEGPLHKCDISNSTEAGQKLFNMLRLGKSEPWTLALENVVGAKNMNVRPLLNYFEPLFTWLKDQNKNSFVGWSTDWSPYAD 615
               SCOP domains d1r4la_ A: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2, ACE2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains Peptidase_M2-1r4lA01 A:19-613                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      -- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...ee.......ee....hhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhh.......................hhhhh..................hhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........................eeeeee..eeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.............hhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------R------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ZINC_PROTE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.2  PDB: A:19-62 UniProt: 1-62        Exon 1.3b  PDB: A:63-115 UniProt: 63-115             Exon 1.4  PDB: A:116-147        -----------------------------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: A:195-232              Exon 1.7  PDB: A:233-268            ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.10  PDB: A:357-433 UniProt: 357-433                                   -----------------------------------------------Exon 1.12  PDB: A:481-514         ----------------------------------------Exon 1.14  PDB: A:555-613 UniProt: 555-613                 -- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.5  PDB: A:147-195 UniProt: 147-195        ------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:268-300         Exon 1.9  PDB: A:301-357 UniProt: 301-357                ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.11  PDB: A:433-481 UniProt: 433-481       --------------------------------Exon 1.13  PDB: A:514-555 UniProt: 514-555---------------------------------------------------------1.1 Transcript 1 (2)
                 1r4l A  19 STIEEQAKTFLDKFNHEAEDLFYQSSLASWNYNTNITEENVQNMNNAGDKWSAFLKEQSTLAQMYPLQEIQNLTVKLQLQALQQNGSSVLSEDKSKRLNTILNTMSTIYSTGKVCNPDNPQECLLLEPGLNEIMANSLDYNERLWAWESWRSEVGKQLRPLYEEYVVLKNEMARANHYEDYGDYWRGDYEVNGVDGYDYSRGQLIEDVEHTFEEIKPLYEHLHAYVRAKLMNAYPSYISPIGCLPAHLLGDMWGRFWTNLYSLTVPFGQKPNIDVTDAMVDQAWDAQRIFKEAEKFFVSVGLPNMTQGFWENSMLTDPGNVQKAVCHPTAWDLGKGDFRILMCTKVTMDDFLTAHHEMGHIQYDMAYAAQPFLLRNGANEGFHEAVGEIMSLSAATPKHLKSIGLLSPDFQEDNETEINFLLKQALTIVGTLPFTYMLEKWRWMVFKGEIPKDQWMKKWWEMKREIVGVVEPVPHDETYCDPASLFHVSNDYSFIRYYTRTLYQFQFQEALCQAAKHEGPLHKCDISNSTEAGQKLFNMLRLGKSEPWTLALENVVGAKNMNVRPLLNYFEPLFTWLKDQNKNSFVGWSTDWSPYAD 615
                                    28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268       278       288       298       308       318       328       338       348       358       368       378       388       398       408       418       428       438       448       458       468       478       488       498       508       518       528       538       548       558       568       578       588       598       608       

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:6
                                      
               SCOP domains ------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------ Transcript
                 1r4l B 901 xxxxxx 906
                            ||||||
                          901-UNK|
                           902-UNK
                            903-UNK
                             904-UNK
                              905-UNK
                               906-UNK

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:20
                                                    
               SCOP domains -------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .................... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------------- Transcript
                 1r4l C 907 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 926
                            |||||||916|||||||926
                            ||||||915-UNK||924-UNK
                          907-UNK||916-UNK||925-UNK
                           908-UNK||917-UNK||926-UNK
                            909-UNK| 918-UNK|   
                             910-UNK  919-UNK   
                              911-UNK  920-UNK  
                               912-UNK  921-UNK 
                                913-UNK  922-UNK
                                 914-UNK  923-UNK

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:18
                                                  
               SCOP domains ------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------ Transcript
                 1r4l D 927 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 944
                            |||||||936||||||||
                            ||||||935-UNK||944-UNK
                          927-UNK||936-UNK||| 
                           928-UNK||937-UNK|| 
                            929-UNK| 938-UNK| 
                             930-UNK  939-UNK 
                              931-UNK  940-UNK
                               932-UNK  941-UNK
                                933-UNK  942-UNK
                                 934-UNK  943-UNK

Chain E from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:14
                                              
               SCOP domains -------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....hhhhh..... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------- Transcript
                 1r4l E 945 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 958
                            |||||||954||||
                            ||||||953-UNK|
                          945-UNK||954-UNK
                           946-UNK||955-UNK
                            947-UNK| 956-UNK
                             948-UNK  957-UNK
                              949-UNK  958-UNK
                               950-UNK    
                                951-UNK   
                                 952-UNK  

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 1R4L)

(-) Pfam Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Gene Ontology  (38, 38)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (ACE2_HUMAN | Q9BYF1)
molecular function
    GO:0004180    carboxypeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal or penultimate peptide bond at the C-terminal end of a peptide or polypeptide.
    GO:0004175    endopeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0004181    metallocarboxypeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C-terminal amino acid residues from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
    GO:0008237    metallopeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
    GO:0008233    peptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
    GO:0008241    peptidyl-dipeptidase activity    Catalysis of the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0001618    virus receptor activity    Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0002005    angiotensin catabolic process in blood    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of angiotensin in the blood.
    GO:0002003    angiotensin maturation    The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of renin substrate into mature angiotensin in the blood.
    GO:0003051    angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior    The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.
    GO:0060452    positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
    GO:1903598    positive regulation of gap junction assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.
    GO:2000379    positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
    GO:0006508    proteolysis    The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
    GO:0032800    receptor biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0046813    receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell    The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.
    GO:1903779    regulation of cardiac conduction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
    GO:0042127    regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0001817    regulation of cytokine production    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
    GO:0050727    regulation of inflammatory response    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
    GO:0003081    regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin    The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
    GO:0019229    regulation of vasoconstriction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.
    GO:0015827    tryptophan transport    The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0046718    viral entry into host cell    The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm.
    GO:0016032    viral process    A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
cellular component
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0045121    membrane raft    Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

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        ACE2_HUMAN | Q9BYF11r42 1xjp 2ajf 3d0g 3d0h 3d0i 3kbh 3sci 3scj 3sck 3scl

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1r42 NATIVE HUMAN ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME-RELATED CARBOXYPEPTIDASE (ACE2)