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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVE FERM DOMAIN OF EZRIN
 
Authors :  W. J. Smith, N. Nassar, A. P. Bretscher, R. A. Cerione, P. A. Karplus
Date :  20 Dec 02  (Deposition) - 25 Feb 03  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.30
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B  (1x)
Keywords :  Ferm, Keystone, Ubiquitin-Like Domain, Acyl-Coa-Like Domain, Ph/Ptb-Like Domain, Structural Protein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  W. J. Smith, N. Nassar, A. P. Bretscher, R. A. Cerione, P. A. Karplus
Structure Of The Active N-Terminal Domain Of Ezrin. Conformational And Mobility Changes Identify Keystone Interactions.
J. Biol. Chem. V. 278 4949 2003
PubMed-ID: 12429733  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M210601200
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - EZRIN
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPQE16
    Expression System StrainBL21 (DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentRESIDUE 1-296
    GeneVIL2
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymP81, CYTOVILLIN, VILLIN 2

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1NI2)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1NI2)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1NI2)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (3, 3)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Asn A:74 -Pro A:75
2Lys A:296 -Pro A:297
3Asn B:74 -Pro B:75

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_030572R180CEZRI_HUMANPolymorphism3103004A/BR180C

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_030572R180CEZRI_HUMANPolymorphism3103004AR180C

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_030572R180CEZRI_HUMANPolymorphism3103004BR180C

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (3, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 6)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1FERM_3PS50057 FERM domain profile.EZRI_HUMAN5-295
 
  2A:5-295
B:5-295
2FERM_1PS00660 FERM domain signature 1.EZRI_HUMAN58-88
 
  2A:58-88
B:58-88
3FERM_2PS00661 FERM domain signature 2.EZRI_HUMAN176-205
 
  2A:176-205
B:176-205
Biological Unit 1 (3, 3)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1FERM_3PS50057 FERM domain profile.EZRI_HUMAN5-295
 
  1A:5-295
-
2FERM_1PS00660 FERM domain signature 1.EZRI_HUMAN58-88
 
  1A:58-88
-
3FERM_2PS00661 FERM domain signature 2.EZRI_HUMAN176-205
 
  1A:176-205
-
Biological Unit 2 (3, 3)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1FERM_3PS50057 FERM domain profile.EZRI_HUMAN5-295
 
  1-
B:5-295
2FERM_1PS00660 FERM domain signature 1.EZRI_HUMAN58-88
 
  1-
B:58-88
3FERM_2PS00661 FERM domain signature 2.EZRI_HUMAN176-205
 
  1-
B:176-205

(-) Exons   (8, 16)

Asymmetric Unit (8, 16)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003670751aENSE00001443426chr6:159240444-15924034996EZRI_HUMAN-00--
1.2bENST000003670752bENSE00002191854chr6:159239198-15923911485EZRI_HUMAN1-442A:2-4
B:2-4
3
3
1.4ENST000003670754ENSE00002189646chr6:159210403-15921032084EZRI_HUMAN5-32282A:5-32
B:5-32
28
28
1.6ENST000003670756ENSE00002196394chr6:159208235-15920814096EZRI_HUMAN33-64322A:33-64
B:33-64
32
32
1.7ENST000003670757ENSE00002148683chr6:159206615-159206341275EZRI_HUMAN65-156922A:65-156
B:65-156
92
92
1.8ENST000003670758ENSE00002179062chr6:159205759-15920567684EZRI_HUMAN156-184292A:156-184
B:156-184
29
29
1.9bENST000003670759bENSE00001028543chr6:159204698-159204552147EZRI_HUMAN184-233502A:184-233
B:184-233
50
50
1.10ENST0000036707510ENSE00002171959chr6:159197536-15919744097EZRI_HUMAN233-265332A:233-265
B:233-265
33
33
1.11ENST0000036707511ENSE00001767651chr6:159192439-159192276164EZRI_HUMAN266-320552A:266-297
B:266-297
32
32
1.12ENST0000036707512ENSE00001028545chr6:159191926-159191796131EZRI_HUMAN320-364450--
1.13ENST0000036707513ENSE00001028540chr6:159190976-159190816161EZRI_HUMAN364-417540--
1.14ENST0000036707514ENSE00000894187chr6:159190450-15919035893EZRI_HUMAN418-448310--
1.15ENST0000036707515ENSE00001316323chr6:159188544-159188293252EZRI_HUMAN449-532840--
1.16aENST0000036707516aENSE00001927159chr6:159188110-1591867801331EZRI_HUMAN533-586540--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:296
 aligned with EZRI_HUMAN | P15311 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:586

    Alignment length:296
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181       191       201       211       221       231       241       251       261       271       281       291      
           EZRI_HUMAN     2 PKPINVRVTTMDAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTIGLREVWYFGLHYVDNKGFPTWLKLDKKVSAQEVRKENPLQFKFRAKFYPEDVAEELIQDITQKLFFLQVKEGILSDEIYCPPETAVLLGSYAVQAKFGDYNKEVHKSGYLSSERLIPQRVMDQHKLTRDQWEDRIQVWHAEHRGMLKDNAMLEYLKIAQDLEMYGINYFEIKNKKGTDLWLGVDALGLNIYEKDDKLTPKIGFPWSEIRNISFNDKKFVIKPIDKKAPDFVFYAPRLRINKRILQLCMGNHELYMRRRKP 297
               SCOP domains d1ni2a3 A:2-87 Ezrin                                                                  d1ni2a1 A:88-198 Ezrin                                                                                         d1ni2a2 A:199-297 Ezrin                                                                             SCOP domains
               CATH domains --1ni2A01 A:4-82                                                                 1ni2A02 A:83-199  [code=1.20.80.10, no name defined]                                                                 -1ni2A03 A:201-291                                                                          ------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhh.eeeeee.....eee.....hhhhh.......eeeeeee.....hhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..................hhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......eeeeeee....eeeeee...eeeeee........eeee...eeeeee....eeeee........eee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---FERM_3  PDB: A:5-295 UniProt: 5-295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                -- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------FERM_1  PDB: A:58-88           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FERM_2  PDB: A:176-205        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 1 (1) 1.2Exon 1.4  PDB: A:5-32       Exon 1.6  PDB: A:33-64          Exon 1.7  PDB: A:65-156 UniProt: 65-156                                                     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.10  PDB: A:233-265        Exon 1.11  PDB: A:266-297        Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:156-184     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
           Transcript 1 (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9b  PDB: A:184-233 UniProt: 184-233        ---------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (3)
                 1ni2 A   2 PKPINVRVTTMDAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTIGLREVWYFGLHYVDNKGFPTWLKLDKKVSAQEVRKENPLQFKFRAKFYPEDVAEELIQDITQKLFFLQVKEGILSDEIYCPPETAVLLGSYAVQAKFGDYNKEVHKSGYLSSERLIPQRVMDQHKLTRDQWEDRIQVWHAEHRGMLKDNAMLEYLKIAQDLEMYGINYFEIKNKKGTDLWLGVDALGLNIYEKDDKLTPKIGFPWSEIRNISFNDKKFVIKPIDKKAPDFVFYAPRLRINKRILQLCMGNHELYMRRRKP 297
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181       191       201       211       221       231       241       251       261       271       281       291      

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:296
 aligned with EZRI_HUMAN | P15311 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:586

    Alignment length:296
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181       191       201       211       221       231       241       251       261       271       281       291      
           EZRI_HUMAN     2 PKPINVRVTTMDAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTIGLREVWYFGLHYVDNKGFPTWLKLDKKVSAQEVRKENPLQFKFRAKFYPEDVAEELIQDITQKLFFLQVKEGILSDEIYCPPETAVLLGSYAVQAKFGDYNKEVHKSGYLSSERLIPQRVMDQHKLTRDQWEDRIQVWHAEHRGMLKDNAMLEYLKIAQDLEMYGINYFEIKNKKGTDLWLGVDALGLNIYEKDDKLTPKIGFPWSEIRNISFNDKKFVIKPIDKKAPDFVFYAPRLRINKRILQLCMGNHELYMRRRKP 297
               SCOP domains d1ni2b3 B:2-87 Ezrin                                                                  d1ni2b1 B:88-198 Ezrin                                                                                         d1ni2b2 B:199-297 Ezrin                                                                             SCOP domains
               CATH domains --1ni2B01 B:4-82                                                                 1ni2B02 B:83-199  [code=1.20.80.10, no name defined]                                                                 -1ni2B03 B:201-291                                                                          ------ CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) -------FERM_N-1ni2B03 B:9-86                                                         -FERM_M-1ni2B05 B:88-206                                                                                                ---FERM_C-1ni2B01 B:210-297                                                                 Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) -------FERM_N-1ni2B04 B:9-86                                                         -FERM_M-1ni2B06 B:88-206                                                                                                ---FERM_C-1ni2B02 B:210-297                                                                 Pfam domains (2)
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhh.eeeeee.....eee.....hhhhh.......eeeeeee.....hhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..................hhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......eeeeee.....eeeeeee..eeeeee........eeee...eeeeee....eeeee........ee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---FERM_3  PDB: B:5-295 UniProt: 5-295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                -- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------FERM_1  PDB: B:58-88           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FERM_2  PDB: B:176-205        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 1 (1) 1.2Exon 1.4  PDB: B:5-32       Exon 1.6  PDB: B:33-64          Exon 1.7  PDB: B:65-156 UniProt: 65-156                                                     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.10  PDB: B:233-265        Exon 1.11  PDB: B:266-297        Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: B:156-184     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
           Transcript 1 (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9b  PDB: B:184-233 UniProt: 184-233        ---------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (3)
                 1ni2 B   2 PKPINVRVTTMDAELEFAIQPNTTGKQLFDQVVKTIGLREVWYFGLHYVDNKGFPTWLKLDKKVSAQEVRKENPLQFKFRAKFYPEDVAEELIQDITQKLFFLQVKEGILSDEIYCPPETAVLLGSYAVQAKFGDYNKEVHKSGYLSSERLIPQRVMDQHKLTRDQWEDRIQVWHAEHRGMLKDNAMLEYLKIAQDLEMYGINYFEIKNKKGTDLWLGVDALGLNIYEKDDKLTPKIGFPWSEIRNISFNDKKFVIKPIDKKAPDFVFYAPRLRINKRILQLCMGNHELYMRRRKP 297
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181       191       201       211       221       231       241       251       261       271       281       291      

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (3, 6)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (3, 6)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)
(-)
Class: Mainly Beta (13760)

(-) Pfam Domains  (3, 6)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Clan: PH (111)
(-)
Clan: Ubiquitin (279)

(-) Gene Ontology  (99, 99)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (EZRI_HUMAN | P15311)
molecular function
    GO:0051117    ATPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.
    GO:0044548    S100 protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
    GO:0003779    actin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
    GO:0051015    actin filament binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.
    GO:0050839    cell adhesion molecule binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule.
    GO:0008092    cytoskeletal protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
    GO:0008017    microtubule binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
    GO:0034236    protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.
    GO:0034237    protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.
biological process
    GO:0031532    actin cytoskeleton reorganization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0051017    actin filament bundle assembly    The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
    GO:0030953    astral microtubule organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.
    GO:0007411    axon guidance    The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0034629    cellular protein complex localization    A protein complex localization process that takes place at the cellular level; as a result, a protein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
    GO:0071320    cellular response to cAMP    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
    GO:0043622    cortical microtubule organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.
    GO:0007016    cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane    A cytoskeleton organization process that directly or indirectly links cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane.
    GO:0030855    epithelial cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
    GO:0051660    establishment of centrosome localization    The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.
    GO:0061028    establishment of endothelial barrier    The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.
    GO:0045198    establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity    The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
    GO:0090002    establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane    The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
    GO:0035088    establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity    Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.
    GO:0046847    filopodium assembly    The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
    GO:0022612    gland morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.
    GO:0001951    intestinal D-glucose absorption    Uptake of D-glucose into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
    GO:0007159    leukocyte cell-cell adhesion    The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0022614    membrane to membrane docking    The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.
    GO:0030033    microvillus assembly    Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
    GO:0070373    negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:0050860    negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
    GO:1900041    negative regulation of interleukin-2 secretion    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2 secretion.
    GO:1903753    negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0048015    phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling    A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
    GO:1903364    positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process.
    GO:2000643    positive regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
    GO:0090004    positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0040018    positive regulation of multicellular organism growth    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
    GO:1902966    positive regulation of protein localization to early endosome    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome.
    GO:0050714    positive regulation of protein secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
    GO:0010737    protein kinase A signaling    A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
    GO:0072697    protein localization to cell cortex    A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex.
    GO:0031623    receptor internalization    A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane.
    GO:1901222    regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
    GO:0032956    regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0008360    regulation of cell shape    Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.
    GO:0008361    regulation of cell size    Any process that modulates the size of a cell.
    GO:0032532    regulation of microvillus length    A process that modulates the length of a microvillus.
    GO:1902115    regulation of organelle assembly    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
    GO:0003376    sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell, and which proceeds with the activated receptor transmitting the signal by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:1902896    terminal web assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a terminal web.
cellular component
    GO:0097454    Schwann cell microvillus    Small finger-like extension of a Schwann cell that contacts the nodal membrane.
    GO:0030315    T-tubule    Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
    GO:0036398    TCR signalosome    A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology.
    GO:0015629    actin cytoskeleton    The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
    GO:0005884    actin filament    A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0045177    apical part of cell    The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
    GO:0016324    apical plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
    GO:0097449    astrocyte projection    A prolongation or process extending from the soma of an astrocyte and wrapping around neurons.
    GO:0016323    basolateral plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
    GO:0005903    brush border    The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of a epithelial cells in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
    GO:0044297    cell body    The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
    GO:0005938    cell cortex    The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
    GO:0071944    cell periphery    The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0051286    cell tip    The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
    GO:0036064    ciliary basal body    A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport.
    GO:0030863    cortical cytoskeleton    The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0098592    cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane    The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0019898    extrinsic component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
    GO:0030175    filopodium    Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0001772    immunological synapse    An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
    GO:0005622    intracellular    The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0045121    membrane raft    Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
    GO:0044393    microspike    A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
    GO:0005902    microvillus    Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
    GO:0031528    microvillus membrane    The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.
    GO:0043209    myelin sheath    An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
    GO:0005730    nucleolus    A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0044853    plasma membrane raft    A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.
    GO:0001726    ruffle    Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.
    GO:0032587    ruffle membrane    The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.
    GO:0001931    uropod    A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.
    GO:0031982    vesicle    Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.

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