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(-) Description

Title :  NMR STRUCTURE OF UBIQUITIN-LIKE DOMAIN IN MURINE PARKIN
 
Authors :  M. Tashiro, S. Okubo, S. Shimotakahara, H. Hatanaka, H. Yasuda, M. Kainosho, S. Yokoyama, H. Shindo, Riken Structural Genomics/Proteomics Initiative (Rsgi)
Date :  15 Aug 02  (Deposition) - 08 Apr 03  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  SOLUTION NMR
Resolution :  NOT APPLICABLE
Chains :  NMR Structure  :  A  (10x)
Keywords :  Parkinson Disease, Riken Structural Genomics/Proteomics Initiative, Rsgi, Structural Genomics, Apoptosis (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  M. Tashiro, S. Okubo, S. Shimotakahara, H. Hatanaka, H. Yasuda, M. Kainosho, S. Yokoyama, H. Shindo
Nmr Structure Of Ubiquitin-Like Domain In Parkin: Gene Product Of Familial Parkinson'S Disease.
J. Biomol. Nmr V. 25 153 2003
PubMed-ID: 12652124  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1023/A:1022254432039
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PARKIN
    ChainsA
    FragmentUBIQUITIN-LIKE DOMAIN
    Organism CommonHOUSE MOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090
    PlasmidPET28B
    StrainBL21 (DE3)

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  
NMR Structure (10x)

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1MG8)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1MG8)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1MG8)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1MG8)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1MG8)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

NMR Structure (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1UBIQUITIN_2PS50053 Ubiquitin domain profile.PRKN_MOUSE1-76  1A:3-78

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1MG8)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

NMR Structure
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:78
 aligned with PRKN_MOUSE | Q9WVS6 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:464

    Alignment length:78
                              1                                                                           
                              |      8        18        28        38        48        58        68        
            PRKN_MOUSE    - --MIVFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSILQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQRPRRR 76
               SCOP domains d1mg8a_ A: Ubiquitin-like domain of parkin                                     SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1mg8A00 A:1-78                                                                 CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeee.....eeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......eee....................eeee....... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --UBIQUITIN_2  PDB: A:3-78 UniProt: 1-76                                       PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                  1mg8 A  1 MGMIVFVRFNSSYGFPVEVDSDTSILQLKEVVAKRQGVPADQLRVIFAGKELPNHLTVQNCDLEQQSIVHIVQRPRRR 78
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 1)

NMR Structure

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

NMR Structure
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1MG8)

(-) Gene Ontology  (131, 131)

NMR Structure(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (PRKN_MOUSE | Q9WVS6)
molecular function
    GO:1990444    F-box domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an F-box domain of a protein.
    GO:0001664    G-protein coupled receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled receptor.
    GO:0030544    Hsp70 protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp70 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 70kDa in size.
    GO:0030165    PDZ domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.
    GO:0003779    actin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
    GO:0008013    beta-catenin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.
    GO:0051087    chaperone binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.
    GO:0097602    cullin family protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the cullin family, hydrophobic proteins that act as scaffolds for ubiquitin ligases (E3).
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0031072    heat shock protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heat shock protein, any protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.
    GO:0042826    histone deacetylase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0019900    kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.
    GO:0016874    ligase activity    Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0043274    phospholipase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phospholipase, enzymes that catalyze of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0000976    transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
    GO:0015631    tubulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.
    GO:0043130    ubiquitin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.
    GO:0031624    ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins.
    GO:0061630    ubiquitin protein ligase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S -> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues.
    GO:0031625    ubiquitin protein ligase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
    GO:0004842    ubiquitin-protein transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y --> Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages.
    GO:1990381    ubiquitin-specific protease binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-specific protease.
biological process
    GO:0008344    adult locomotory behavior    Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
    GO:0070842    aggresome assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.
    GO:0006914    autophagy    The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
    GO:0000422    autophagy of mitochondrion    The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
    GO:0044257    cellular protein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
    GO:0097237    cellular response to toxic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
    GO:0042417    dopamine metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
    GO:0051583    dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission    The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
    GO:0010994    free ubiquitin chain polymerization    The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.
    GO:0007612    learning    Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
    GO:0007626    locomotory behavior    The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
    GO:0000266    mitochondrial fission    The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
    GO:0007005    mitochondrion organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
    GO:0000423    mitophagy    Degradation of a mitochondrion by macroautophagy.
    GO:0050804    modulation of chemical synaptic transmission    Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.
    GO:0044828    negative regulation by host of viral genome replication    A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
    GO:0046329    negative regulation of JNK cascade    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
    GO:0032232    negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
    GO:0090090    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0060548    negative regulation of cell death    Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
    GO:1902236    negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:1903382    negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0010629    negative regulation of gene expression    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0033132    negative regulation of glucokinase activity    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
    GO:0046676    negative regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:1902254    negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
    GO:0010637    negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
    GO:0043524    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:1901215    negative regulation of neuron death    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:1903377    negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:1902283    negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary amine oxidase activity.
    GO:0001933    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:2000378    negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
    GO:0090201    negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
    GO:1904049    negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0070050    neuron cellular homeostasis    The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.
    GO:0042415    norepinephrine metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
    GO:0043388    positive regulation of DNA binding    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0043123    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
    GO:1903861    positive regulation of dendrite extension    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0098779    positive regulation of macromitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization    The macromitophagy process that is triggered by a detection of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
    GO:0090141    positive regulation of mitochondrial fission    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
    GO:0010636    positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
    GO:0051582    positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
    GO:1903378    positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:1901800    positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.
    GO:0032436    positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
    GO:1902530    positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:1903265    positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.
    GO:0010498    proteasomal protein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
    GO:0043161    proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
    GO:0070979    protein K11-linked ubiquitination    A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains.
    GO:0070936    protein K48-linked ubiquitination    A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
    GO:0085020    protein K6-linked ubiquitination    A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K6-linked ubiquitination is involved in DNA repair.
    GO:0070534    protein K63-linked ubiquitination    A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.
    GO:0051865    protein autoubiquitination    The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.
    GO:0031648    protein destabilization    Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
    GO:0070585    protein localization to mitochondrion    A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.
    GO:0019538    protein metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification.
    GO:0006513    protein monoubiquitination    Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.
    GO:0000209    protein polyubiquitination    Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.
    GO:0050821    protein stabilization    Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0016567    protein ubiquitination    The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
    GO:0042787    protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    The process in which a ubiquitin group, or multiple groups, are covalently attached to the target protein, thereby initiating the degradation of that protein.
    GO:0010506    regulation of autophagy    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
    GO:1900407    regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.
    GO:0042053    regulation of dopamine metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
    GO:0051881    regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential    Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
    GO:0010821    regulation of mitochondrion organization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
    GO:0046928    regulation of neurotransmitter secretion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell.
    GO:0031396    regulation of protein ubiquitination    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
    GO:2000377    regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0034976    response to endoplasmic reticulum stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
    GO:0006979    response to oxidative stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0001964    startle response    An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.
    GO:0001963    synaptic transmission, dopaminergic    The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
    GO:0035249    synaptic transmission, glutamatergic    The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0055069    zinc ion homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions within an organism or cell.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0071797    LUBAC complex    A ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes linear head-to-tail polyubiquitin conjugation on its targets. In human the complex consists of RBCK1, RNF31 and SHARPIN, and has an MW of approximately 600 kDa, suggesting a heteromultimeric assembly of its subunits. LUBAC stands for Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex.
    GO:1990452    Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex    A ubiquitin ligase complex containing Parkin (PARK2), the F-box protein FBXW7 (also called SEL-10) and a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily; substrate specificity is conferred by the F-box protein.
    GO:0016235    aggresome    An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.
    GO:0030054    cell junction    A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0043005    neuron projection    A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0014069    postsynaptic density of dendrite    An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
    GO:0045211    postsynaptic membrane    A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0098793    presynapse    The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0000151    ubiquitin ligase complex    A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.

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