molecular function |
| GO:0016493 | | C-C chemokine receptor activity | | Combining with a C-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif. |
| GO:0031727 | | CCR2 chemokine receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR2 chemokine receptor. |
| GO:0004930 | | G-protein coupled receptor activity | | Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. |
| GO:0071791 | | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5. |
| GO:0004950 | | chemokine receptor activity | | Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria. |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0019901 | | protein kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. |
| GO:0004871 | | signal transducer activity | | Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. |
biological process |
| GO:0007186 | | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576). |
| GO:0007259 | | JAK-STAT cascade | | Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The JAK-STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins. |
| GO:0035705 | | T-helper 17 cell chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a T-helper 17 cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0007568 | | aging | | A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). |
| GO:0001974 | | blood vessel remodeling | | The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. |
| GO:0006874 | | cellular calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. |
| GO:0006968 | | cellular defense response | | A defense response that is mediated by cells. |
| GO:0019725 | | cellular homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. |
| GO:0070098 | | chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a chemokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0006935 | | chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| GO:0019221 | | cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0042742 | | defense response to bacterium | | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| GO:0002407 | | dendritic cell chemotaxis | | The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0045444 | | fat cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. |
| GO:0030900 | | forebrain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). |
| GO:0006955 | | immune response | | Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. |
| GO:0006954 | | inflammatory response | | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0002437 | | inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus | | An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. |
| GO:0007194 | | negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. |
| GO:0016525 | | negative regulation of angiogenesis | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. |
| GO:0030517 | | negative regulation of axon extension | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth. |
| GO:0030336 | | negative regulation of cell migration | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0043310 | | negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation. |
| GO:2000178 | | negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation. |
| GO:0002829 | | negative regulation of type 2 immune response | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. |
| GO:0070997 | | neuron death | | The process of cell death in a neuron. |
| GO:2000451 | | positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation. |
| GO:0050870 | | positive regulation of T cell activation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. |
| GO:0010820 | | positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0002827 | | positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response. |
| GO:0046641 | | positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0060139 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process by virus | | Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:2000464 | | positive regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis. |
| GO:0090050 | | positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. |
| GO:0022409 | | positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. |
| GO:0007204 | | positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. |
| GO:0031622 | | positive regulation of fever generation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:2000473 | | positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration. |
| GO:0090265 | | positive regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages. |
| GO:0050729 | | positive regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| GO:0032729 | | positive regulation of interferon-gamma production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. |
| GO:0050718 | | positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell. |
| GO:0032743 | | positive regulation of interleukin-2 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. |
| GO:0032755 | | positive regulation of interleukin-6 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production. |
| GO:0090026 | | positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis. |
| GO:2000439 | | positive regulation of monocyte extravasation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation. |
| GO:0045666 | | positive regulation of neuron differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| GO:0042535 | | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis. |
| GO:0032760 | | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| GO:0010574 | | regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor. |
| GO:0010212 | | response to ionizing radiation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. |
| GO:0032496 | | response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0009611 | | response to wounding | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0016032 | | viral process | | A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle. |
cellular component |
| GO:0009986 | | cell surface | | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0030425 | | dendrite | | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. |
| GO:0005768 | | endosome | | A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
| GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0005887 | | integral component of plasma membrane | | The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0043025 | | neuronal cell body | | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| GO:0043204 | | perikaryon | | The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |