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(-) Description

Title :  MET-RANTES
 
Authors :  D. M. Hoover, J. Shaw, Z. Gryczynski, A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. Wells
Date :  06 Apr 00  (Deposition) - 19 Apr 00  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.60
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Chemoattractant, Cytokine, X-Ray Structure, Rantes (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  D. M. Hoover, J. Shaw, Z. Gryczynski, A. E. I. Proudfoot, T. Wells
The Crystal Structure Of Met-Rantes: Comparison With Native Rantes And Aop-Rantes
Protein Pept. Lett. V. 7 73 2000
PubMed: search
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - T-CELL SPECIFIC RANTES PROTEIN
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPT7-7
    Expression System Taxid562
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymSMALL INDUCIBLE CYTOKINE A5
    TissueBLOOD

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1SO42Ligand/IonSULFATE ION

(-) Sites  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARETYR A:3 , SER A:31 , GLY A:32 , LYS A:33 , HOH A:1030 , HOH A:1116 , HOH A:1123 , HOH A:1125 , SER B:31 , GLY B:32BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 198
2AC2SOFTWAREHIS B:23 , THR B:43 , ARG B:44 , LYS B:45 , ARG B:47 , MET B:67 , SER B:68 , HOH B:1095BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 B 199

(-) SS Bonds  (4, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1A:10 -A:34
2A:11 -A:50
3B:10 -B:34
4B:11 -B:50

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1EQT)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1EQT)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1SMALL_CYTOKINES_CCPS00472 Small cytokines (intercrine/chemokine) C-C subfamily signature.CCL5_HUMAN33-74
 
  2A:10-51
B:10-51

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1EQT)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:67
 aligned with CCL5_HUMAN | P13501 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:91

    Alignment length:67
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84       
            CCL5_HUMAN   25 PYSSDTTPCCFAYIARPLPRAHIKEYFYTSGKCSNPAVVFVTRKNRQVCANPEKKWVREYINSLEMS 91
               SCOP domains d1eqta_ A:                                                          SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1eqtA00 A:2-68  [code=2.40.50.40, no name defined]                  CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......eee.........hhh.eeeeee.........eeeee....eeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------SMALL_CYTOKINES_CC  PDB: A:10-51          ----------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                  1eqt A  2 GYSSDTTPCCFAYIARPMPRAHIKEYFYTSGKCSNPAVVFVTRKNRQVCANPEKKWVREYINSLEMS 68
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61       

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:67
 aligned with CCL5_HUMAN | P13501 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:91

    Alignment length:67
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84       
            CCL5_HUMAN   25 PYSSDTTPCCFAYIARPLPRAHIKEYFYTSGKCSNPAVVFVTRKNRQVCANPEKKWVREYINSLEMS 91
               SCOP domains d1eqtb_ B:                                                          SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1eqtB00 B:2-68  [code=2.40.50.40, no name defined]                  CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......eee.........hhh.eeeeee.........eeeee....eeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------SMALL_CYTOKINES_CC  PDB: B:10-51          ----------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                  1eqt B  2 GYSSDTTPCCFAYIARPMPRAHIKEYFYTSGKCSNPAVVFVTRKNRQVCANPEKKWVREYINSLEMS 68
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61       

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Mainly Beta (13760)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1EQT)

(-) Gene Ontology  (121, 121)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (CCL5_HUMAN | P13501)
molecular function
    GO:0031726    CCR1 chemokine receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR1 chemokine receptor.
    GO:0031729    CCR4 chemokine receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR4 chemokine receptor.
    GO:0031730    CCR5 chemokine receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR5 chemokine receptor.
    GO:0042056    chemoattractant activity    Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.
    GO:0008009    chemokine activity    The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
    GO:0046817    chemokine receptor antagonist activity    Interacts with chemokine receptors to reduce the action of a chemokine.
    GO:0042379    chemokine receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any chemokine receptor.
    GO:0005125    cytokine activity    Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
    GO:0008201    heparin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
    GO:0004435    phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity    Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H(+).
    GO:0016004    phospholipase activator activity    Increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0043621    protein self-association    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide.
    GO:0030298    receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity    Binds to and increases the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase.
biological process
    GO:0007186    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
    GO:0000165    MAPK cascade    An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
    GO:0031584    activation of phospholipase D activity    Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D.
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0006816    calcium ion transport    The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0007267    cell-cell signaling    Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
    GO:0006874    cellular calcium ion homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell.
    GO:0043623    cellular protein complex assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
    GO:0071448    cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.
    GO:0071230    cellular response to amino acid stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
    GO:0071345    cellular response to cytokine stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
    GO:0071361    cellular response to ethanol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
    GO:0044344    cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0071403    cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
    GO:0071346    cellular response to interferon-gamma    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
    GO:0071347    cellular response to interleukin-1    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
    GO:0071396    cellular response to lipid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
    GO:0071222    cellular response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0071315    cellular response to morphine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
    GO:0071407    cellular response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0071560    cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
    GO:0071356    cellular response to tumor necrosis factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
    GO:0071307    cellular response to vitamin K    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.
    GO:0070098    chemokine-mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a chemokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0006935    chemotaxis    The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
    GO:0002544    chronic inflammatory response    Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.
    GO:0002407    dendritic cell chemotaxis    The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0018894    dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.
    GO:0048245    eosinophil chemotaxis    The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0006887    exocytosis    A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
    GO:0006955    immune response    Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
    GO:0006954    inflammatory response    The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
    GO:0007159    leukocyte cell-cell adhesion    The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0031663    lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.
    GO:0048247    lymphocyte chemotaxis    The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0048246    macrophage chemotaxis    The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0002548    monocyte chemotaxis    The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0043922    negative regulation by host of viral transcription    Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
    GO:0045744    negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
    GO:0070233    negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0060548    negative regulation of cell death    Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
    GO:0070100    negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
    GO:2000110    negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.
    GO:1901215    negative regulation of neuron death    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:0045071    negative regulation of viral genome replication    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
    GO:0042119    neutrophil activation    The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
    GO:0030593    neutrophil chemotaxis    The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
    GO:0050918    positive chemotaxis    The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.
    GO:0070374    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:0043547    positive regulation of GTPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
    GO:0046427    positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
    GO:0070234    positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0010820    positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:2000406    positive regulation of T cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
    GO:0042102    positive regulation of T cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
    GO:0045766    positive regulation of angiogenesis    Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
    GO:0051928    positive regulation of calcium ion transport    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0045785    positive regulation of cell adhesion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
    GO:0030335    positive regulation of cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0033634    positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
    GO:0031328    positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
    GO:0050679    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0031622    positive regulation of fever generation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0034112    positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
    GO:0050729    positive regulation of inflammatory response    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
    GO:0045089    positive regulation of innate immune response    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
    GO:0010759    positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0060754    positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0090026    positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis    Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.
    GO:2000503    positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.
    GO:0045666    positive regulation of neuron differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
    GO:0045672    positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
    GO:0014068    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0042327    positive regulation of phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
    GO:0061098    positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
    GO:0014911    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
    GO:0048661    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0045948    positive regulation of translational initiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
    GO:0042531    positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
    GO:0045070    positive regulation of viral genome replication    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
    GO:0043491    protein kinase B signaling    A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
    GO:0051262    protein tetramerization    The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
    GO:0050863    regulation of T cell activation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
    GO:0002676    regulation of chronic inflammatory response    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
    GO:0050796    regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:1901214    regulation of neuron death    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:0014823    response to activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
    GO:0009617    response to bacterium    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.
    GO:0070723    response to cholesterol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
    GO:0034097    response to cytokine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0043627    response to estrogen    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
    GO:0051384    response to glucocorticoid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
    GO:0032868    response to insulin    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0032496    response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0031667    response to nutrient levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0009651    response to salt stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
    GO:0009636    response to toxic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
    GO:0034612    response to tumor necrosis factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
    GO:0009615    response to virus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

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 Related Entries

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        CCL5_HUMAN | P135011b3a 1hrj 1rtn 1rto 1u4l 1u4m 1u4p 1u4r 2l9h 2vxw 5cmd 5coy 5dnf 5uiw

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1b3a AOP-RANTES