molecular function |
| GO:0001540 | | amyloid-beta binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with amyloid-beta peptide/protein and/or its precursor. |
| GO:0016209 | | antioxidant activity | | Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage. |
| GO:0015485 | | cholesterol binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| GO:0017127 | | cholesterol transporter activity | | Enables the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| GO:0008201 | | heparin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. |
| GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| GO:0008289 | | lipid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid. |
| GO:0005319 | | lipid transporter activity | | Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. |
| GO:0071813 | | lipoprotein particle binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids. |
| GO:0050750 | | low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein receptor. |
| GO:0046911 | | metal chelating activity | | The formation of bonds from two or more atoms within the same ligand to a metal atom in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring. |
| GO:0060228 | | phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity | | Increases the activity of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase, an enzyme that converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lyso-phosphatidylcholines. |
| GO:0005543 | | phospholipid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0048156 | | tau protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS. |
| GO:0070326 | | very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a very-low-density lipoprotein receptor. |
biological process |
| GO:0097113 | | AMPA glutamate receptor clustering | | The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. |
| GO:0007186 | | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576). |
| GO:0097114 | | NMDA glutamate receptor clustering | | The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. |
| GO:0048844 | | artery morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. |
| GO:0031103 | | axon regeneration | | The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. |
| GO:0019934 | | cGMP-mediated signaling | | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. |
| GO:0072358 | | cardiovascular system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. |
| GO:0006874 | | cellular calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. |
| GO:0098869 | | cellular oxidant detoxification | | Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity superoxide radicals or hydrogen peroxide. |
| GO:0006695 | | cholesterol biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| GO:0006707 | | cholesterol catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. |
| GO:0033344 | | cholesterol efflux | | The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
| GO:0042632 | | cholesterol homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell. |
| GO:0008203 | | cholesterol metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues. |
| GO:0034382 | | chylomicron remnant clearance | | The process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded. |
| GO:0055089 | | fatty acid homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell. |
| GO:0034380 | | high-density lipoprotein particle assembly | | The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle. |
| GO:0034384 | | high-density lipoprotein particle clearance | | The process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. |
| GO:0034375 | | high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL. |
| GO:0055088 | | lipid homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell. |
| GO:0006629 | | lipid metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. |
| GO:0006869 | | lipid transport | | The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. |
| GO:0042158 | | lipoprotein biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| GO:0042159 | | lipoprotein catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| GO:0042157 | | lipoprotein metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. |
| GO:0015909 | | long-chain fatty acid transport | | The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. |
| GO:0034374 | | low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL. |
| GO:0051651 | | maintenance of location in cell | | Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. |
| GO:0043407 | | negative regulation of MAP kinase activity | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
| GO:1902430 | | negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation. |
| GO:0030195 | | negative regulation of blood coagulation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. |
| GO:0043537 | | negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. |
| GO:0045541 | | negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. |
| GO:0090370 | | negative regulation of cholesterol efflux | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
| GO:0061000 | | negative regulation of dendritic spine development | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:1902951 | | negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance. |
| GO:0001937 | | negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. |
| GO:0050728 | | negative regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| GO:0051055 | | negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. |
| GO:1903001 | | negative regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood brain barrier. |
| GO:0043524 | | negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| GO:1901215 | | negative regulation of neuron death | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| GO:1902999 | | negative regulation of phospholipid efflux | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux. |
| GO:0010544 | | negative regulation of platelet activation | | Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. |
| GO:1901627 | | negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization. |
| GO:1901630 | | negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organization | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization. |
| GO:0007263 | | nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms. |
| GO:0033700 | | phospholipid efflux | | The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle. |
| GO:0044794 | | positive regulation by host of viral process | | A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected. |
| GO:1902004 | | positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation. |
| GO:0030828 | | positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP. |
| GO:0010875 | | positive regulation of cholesterol efflux | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. |
| GO:0010873 | | positive regulation of cholesterol esterification | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle. |
| GO:0060999 | | positive regulation of dendritic spine development | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:1902952 | | positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance. |
| GO:0046889 | | positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. |
| GO:1903002 | | positive regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood brain barrier. |
| GO:0032805 | | positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors. |
| GO:0051044 | | positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis. |
| GO:1902998 | | positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly. |
| GO:1901216 | | positive regulation of neuron death | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| GO:0051000 | | positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. |
| GO:1902995 | | positive regulation of phospholipid efflux | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux. |
| GO:1901628 | | positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization. |
| GO:1901631 | | positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization. |
| GO:0017038 | | protein import | | The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event. |
| GO:0008104 | | protein localization | | Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| GO:0006898 | | receptor-mediated endocytosis | | An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. |
| GO:0032489 | | regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction. |
| GO:1900221 | | regulation of amyloid-beta clearance | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance. |
| GO:0030516 | | regulation of axon extension | | Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. |
| GO:0032374 | | regulation of cholesterol transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0010468 | | regulation of gene expression | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:1901214 | | regulation of neuron death | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| GO:1902947 | | regulation of tau-protein kinase activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity. |
| GO:0002021 | | response to dietary excess | | The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure. |
| GO:0006979 | | response to oxidative stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| GO:0001523 | | retinoid metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. |
| GO:0043691 | | reverse cholesterol transport | | The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism. |
| GO:0006810 | | transport | | The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. |
| GO:0019433 | | triglyceride catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. |
| GO:0006641 | | triglyceride metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins. |
| GO:0042311 | | vasodilation | | An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. |
| GO:0034447 | | very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | | The process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. |
| GO:0034372 | | very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling | | The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. |
| GO:0019068 | | virion assembly | | A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005794 | | Golgi apparatus | | A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. |
| GO:0072562 | | blood microparticle | | A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids. |
| GO:0042627 | | chylomicron | | A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0005783 | | endoplasmic reticulum | | The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). |
| GO:0070062 | | extracellular exosome | | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. |
| GO:0031012 | | extracellular matrix | | A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:1903561 | | extracellular vesicle | | Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. |
| GO:0034364 | | high-density lipoprotein particle | | A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process. |
| GO:0034363 | | intermediate-density lipoprotein particle | | A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm. IDL particles are found in blood and are formed by the delipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL). IDL particles are removed from blood by the liver, following binding to the APOE receptor, or are converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). |
| GO:0034362 | | low-density lipoprotein particle | | A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0034361 | | very-low-density lipoprotein particle | | A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm. It is found in blood and transports endogenous products (newly synthesized cholesterol and triglycerides) from the liver. |