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(-) Description

Title :  X-RAY STRUCTURE OF PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE A, PPIA, RV0009, FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
 
Authors :  L. M. Henriksson, P. Johansson, T. Unge, S. L. Mowbray
Date :  27 Aug 04  (Deposition) - 20 Oct 04  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.60
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B  (1x)
Keywords :  Isomerase, Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerase, Cyclophilin, Ppiase, Rv0009, Rotamase, Structural Proteomics In Europe, Spine, Structural Genomics (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  L. M. Henriksson, P. Johansson, T. Unge, S. L. Mowbray
X-Ray Structure Of Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerase A From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Eur. J. Biochem. V. 271 4107 2004
PubMed-ID: 15479239  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1111/J.1432-1033.2004.04348.X

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE A
    ChainsA, B
    EC Number5.2.1.8
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPCR T7/CT-TOPO
    Expression System StrainBL21
    Expression System Taxid511693
    Organism ScientificMYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
    Organism Taxid83332
    StrainH37RV
    SynonymPPIASE A, ROTAMASE A

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1W74)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1W74)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1W74)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1W74)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1W74)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CSA_PPIASE_2PS50072 Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain profile.PPIA_MYCBO20-181
 
  2A:20-181
B:20-181
PPIA_MYCTO20-181
 
  2A:20-181
B:20-181
PPIA_MYCTU20-181
 
  2A:20-181
B:20-181
2CSA_PPIASE_1PS00170 Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase signature.PPIA_MYCBO66-83
 
  2A:66-83
B:66-83
PPIA_MYCTO66-83
 
  2A:66-83
B:66-83
PPIA_MYCTU66-83
 
  2A:66-83
B:66-83
Biological Unit 1 (2, 6)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CSA_PPIASE_2PS50072 Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain profile.PPIA_MYCBO20-181
 
  1A:20-181
-
PPIA_MYCTO20-181
 
  1A:20-181
-
PPIA_MYCTU20-181
 
  1A:20-181
-
2CSA_PPIASE_1PS00170 Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase signature.PPIA_MYCBO66-83
 
  1A:66-83
-
PPIA_MYCTO66-83
 
  1A:66-83
-
PPIA_MYCTU66-83
 
  1A:66-83
-
Biological Unit 2 (2, 6)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CSA_PPIASE_2PS50072 Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain profile.PPIA_MYCBO20-181
 
  1-
B:20-181
PPIA_MYCTO20-181
 
  1-
B:20-181
PPIA_MYCTU20-181
 
  1-
B:20-181
2CSA_PPIASE_1PS00170 Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase signature.PPIA_MYCBO66-83
 
  1-
B:66-83
PPIA_MYCTO66-83
 
  1-
B:66-83
PPIA_MYCTU66-83
 
  1-
B:66-83

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1W74)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:171
 aligned with PPIA_MYCBO | P65763 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:182

    Alignment length:171
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 
           PPIA_MYCBO    12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
               SCOP domains d1w74a_ A: Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, PpiA                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1w74A00 A:12-182 Cyclophilin                                                                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....................eeeeeee...eeee.............................eeee...........eeee............eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.............eeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------CSA_PPIASE_2  PDB: A:20-181 UniProt: 20-181                                                                                                                       - PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (3)
                PROSITE (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (4)
                PROSITE (5) ------------------------------------------------------CSA_PPIASE_1      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (5)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1w74 A  12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:171
 aligned with PPIA_MYCTO | P9WHW2 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:182

    Alignment length:171
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 
           PPIA_MYCTO    12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
               SCOP domains d1w74a_ A: Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, PpiA                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1w74A00 A:12-182 Cyclophilin                                                                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....................eeeeeee...eeee.............................eeee...........eeee............eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.............eeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --------CSA_PPIASE_2  PDB: A:20-181 UniProt: 20-181                                                                                                                       - PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (3)
                PROSITE (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (4)
                PROSITE (5) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (5)
                PROSITE (6) ------------------------------------------------------CSA_PPIASE_1      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (6)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1w74 A  12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:171
 aligned with PPIA_MYCTU | P9WHW3 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:182

    Alignment length:171
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 
           PPIA_MYCTU    12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
               SCOP domains d1w74a_ A: Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, PpiA                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1w74A00 A:12-182 Cyclophilin                                                                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....................eeeeeee...eeee.............................eeee...........eeee............eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.............eeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------CSA_PPIASE_2  PDB: A:20-181 UniProt: 20-181                                                                                                                       - PROSITE (3)
                PROSITE (4) ------------------------------------------------------CSA_PPIASE_1      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (4)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1w74 A  12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:171
 aligned with PPIA_MYCBO | P65763 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:182

    Alignment length:171
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 
           PPIA_MYCBO    12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
               SCOP domains d1w74b_ B: Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, PpiA                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1w74B00 B:12-182 Cyclophilin                                                                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....................eeeeeee...eeee.............................eeee...........eeee............eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.............eeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------CSA_PPIASE_2  PDB: B:20-181 UniProt: 20-181                                                                                                                       - PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (3)
                PROSITE (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (4)
                PROSITE (5) ------------------------------------------------------CSA_PPIASE_1      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (5)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1w74 B  12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:171
 aligned with PPIA_MYCTO | P9WHW2 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:182

    Alignment length:171
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 
           PPIA_MYCTO    12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
               SCOP domains d1w74b_ B: Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, PpiA                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1w74B00 B:12-182 Cyclophilin                                                                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....................eeeeeee...eeee.............................eeee...........eeee............eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.............eeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --------CSA_PPIASE_2  PDB: B:20-181 UniProt: 20-181                                                                                                                       - PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (3)
                PROSITE (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (4)
                PROSITE (5) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (5)
                PROSITE (6) ------------------------------------------------------CSA_PPIASE_1      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (6)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1w74 B  12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:171
 aligned with PPIA_MYCTU | P9WHW3 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:182

    Alignment length:171
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 
           PPIA_MYCTU    12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
               SCOP domains d1w74b_ B: Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, PpiA                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1w74B00 B:12-182 Cyclophilin                                                                                                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeeeee..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....................eeeeeee...eeee.............................eeee...........eeee............eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhh.............eeeeeeee Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------CSA_PPIASE_2  PDB: B:20-181 UniProt: 20-181                                                                                                                       - PROSITE (3)
                PROSITE (4) ------------------------------------------------------CSA_PPIASE_1      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (4)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1w74 B  12 LATATATLHTNRGDIKIALFGNHAPKTVANFVGLAQGTKDYSTQNASGGPSGPFYDGAVFHRVIQGFMIQGGDPTGTGRGGPGYKFADEFHPELQFDKPYLLAMANAGPGTNGSQFFITVGKTPHLNRRHTIFGEVIDAESQRVVEAISKTATDGNDRPTDPVVIESITIS 182
                                    21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181 

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Mainly Beta (13760)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1W74)

(-) Gene Ontology  (10, 20)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (PPIA_MYCBO | P65763)
molecular function
    GO:0016853    isomerase activity    Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
    GO:0003755    peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-proline (omega=180) = peptidyl-proline (omega=0).
biological process
    GO:0006457    protein folding    The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
    GO:0000413    protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization    The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Chain A,B   (PPIA_MYCTO | P9WHW2)
molecular function
    GO:0016853    isomerase activity    Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
    GO:0003755    peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-proline (omega=180) = peptidyl-proline (omega=0).
biological process
    GO:0006457    protein folding    The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
    GO:0000413    protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization    The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

Chain A,B   (PPIA_MYCTU | P9WHW3)
molecular function
    GO:0016853    isomerase activity    Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
    GO:0003755    peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-proline (omega=180) = peptidyl-proline (omega=0).
biological process
    GO:0006457    protein folding    The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
    GO:0000413    protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization    The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
    GO:0010039    response to iron ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
cellular component
    GO:0005618    cell wall    The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

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