molecular function |
| GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0005080 | | protein kinase C binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase C. |
| GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| GO:0004674 | | protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
biological process |
| GO:0090630 | | activation of GTPase activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP. |
| GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| GO:0005975 | | carbohydrate metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. |
| GO:0008643 | | carbohydrate transport | | The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. |
| GO:0006464 | | cellular protein modification process | | The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). |
| GO:0032870 | | cellular response to hormone stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. |
| GO:0032869 | | cellular response to insulin stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0071407 | | cellular response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| GO:0045444 | | fat cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. |
| GO:0006006 | | glucose metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. |
| GO:0005978 | | glycogen biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. |
| GO:0005977 | | glycogen metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. |
| GO:0008286 | | insulin receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin. |
| GO:0065002 | | intracellular protein transmembrane transport | | The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0035556 | | intracellular signal transduction | | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| GO:0060644 | | mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland. |
| GO:0007275 | | multicellular organism development | | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). |
| GO:0033119 | | negative regulation of RNA splicing | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. |
| GO:0043066 | | negative regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0043154 | | negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process. |
| GO:0010748 | | negative regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0018105 | | peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. |
| GO:0032287 | | peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance | | The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. |
| GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:2000147 | | positive regulation of cell motility | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
| GO:0032000 | | positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0046326 | | positive regulation of glucose import | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. |
| GO:2001275 | | positive regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus. |
| GO:0010907 | | positive regulation of glucose metabolic process | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. |
| GO:0045725 | | positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. |
| GO:0045429 | | positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. |
| GO:0033138 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| GO:0050927 | | positive regulation of positive chemotaxis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. |
| GO:0001934 | | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| GO:0090314 | | positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. |
| GO:0009967 | | positive regulation of signal transduction | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0031340 | | positive regulation of vesicle fusion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. |
| GO:0043491 | | protein kinase B signaling | | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| GO:0072659 | | protein localization to plasma membrane | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0071156 | | regulation of cell cycle arrest | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases. |
| GO:0030334 | | regulation of cell migration | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0006417 | | regulation of translation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. |
| GO:0032868 | | response to insulin | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0014850 | | response to muscle activity | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. |
| GO:0031667 | | response to nutrient levels | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. |
| GO:0006970 | | response to osmotic stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0006810 | | transport | | The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005938 | | cell cortex | | The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0005769 | | early endosome | | A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. |
| GO:0005768 | | endosome | | A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
| GO:0032593 | | insulin-responsive compartment | | A small membrane-bounded vesicle that releases its contents by exocytosis in response to insulin stimulation; the contents are enriched in GLUT4, IRAP and VAMP2. |
| GO:0043231 | | intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0032587 | | ruffle membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle. |
| GO:0031982 | | vesicle | | Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. |