molecular function |
| GO:0051117 | | ATPase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP. |
| GO:0044548 | | S100 protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS. |
| GO:0003779 | | actin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments. |
| GO:0051015 | | actin filament binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits. |
| GO:0050839 | | cell adhesion molecule binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule. |
| GO:0008092 | | cytoskeletal protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton). |
| GO:0008017 | | microtubule binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0032403 | | protein complex binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0019904 | | protein domain specific binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein. |
| GO:0034236 | | protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A. |
| GO:0034237 | | protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A. |
biological process |
| GO:0031532 | | actin cytoskeleton reorganization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| GO:0051017 | | actin filament bundle assembly | | The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. |
| GO:0030953 | | astral microtubule organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles. |
| GO:0007411 | | axon guidance | | The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| GO:0034629 | | cellular protein complex localization | | A protein complex localization process that takes place at the cellular level; as a result, a protein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell. |
| GO:0071320 | | cellular response to cAMP | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus. |
| GO:0043622 | | cortical microtubule organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell. |
| GO:0007016 | | cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane | | A cytoskeleton organization process that directly or indirectly links cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0030855 | | epithelial cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. |
| GO:0051660 | | establishment of centrosome localization | | The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location. |
| GO:0061028 | | establishment of endothelial barrier | | The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition. |
| GO:0045198 | | establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity | | The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. |
| GO:0090002 | | establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane | | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0035088 | | establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity | | Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components. |
| GO:0046847 | | filopodium assembly | | The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| GO:0022612 | | gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. |
| GO:0001951 | | intestinal D-glucose absorption | | Uptake of D-glucose into the blood by absorption from the small intestine. |
| GO:0007159 | | leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | | The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
| GO:0022614 | | membrane to membrane docking | | The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere. |
| GO:0030033 | | microvillus assembly | | Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell. |
| GO:0070373 | | negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0050860 | | negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| GO:1900041 | | negative regulation of interleukin-2 secretion | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2 secretion. |
| GO:1903753 | | negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade. |
| GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0048015 | | phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling | | A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. |
| GO:1903364 | | positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process. |
| GO:2000643 | | positive regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport. |
| GO:0090004 | | positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0040018 | | positive regulation of multicellular organism growth | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. |
| GO:1902966 | | positive regulation of protein localization to early endosome | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome. |
| GO:0050714 | | positive regulation of protein secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| GO:0010737 | | protein kinase A signaling | | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| GO:0072697 | | protein localization to cell cortex | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. |
| GO:0031623 | | receptor internalization | | A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. |
| GO:1901222 | | regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| GO:0032956 | | regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| GO:0008360 | | regulation of cell shape | | Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell. |
| GO:0008361 | | regulation of cell size | | Any process that modulates the size of a cell. |
| GO:0032532 | | regulation of microvillus length | | A process that modulates the length of a microvillus. |
| GO:1902115 | | regulation of organelle assembly | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. |
| GO:0003376 | | sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell, and which proceeds with the activated receptor transmitting the signal by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:1902896 | | terminal web assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a terminal web. |
cellular component |
| GO:0097454 | | Schwann cell microvillus | | Small finger-like extension of a Schwann cell that contacts the nodal membrane. |
| GO:0030315 | | T-tubule | | Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. |
| GO:0036398 | | TCR signalosome | | A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology. |
| GO:0015629 | | actin cytoskeleton | | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. |
| GO:0005884 | | actin filament | | A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0045177 | | apical part of cell | | The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue. |
| GO:0016324 | | apical plasma membrane | | The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell. |
| GO:0097449 | | astrocyte projection | | A prolongation or process extending from the soma of an astrocyte and wrapping around neurons. |
| GO:0016323 | | basolateral plasma membrane | | The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. |
| GO:0005903 | | brush border | | The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of a epithelial cells in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell. |
| GO:0044297 | | cell body | | The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. |
| GO:0005938 | | cell cortex | | The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. |
| GO:0071944 | | cell periphery | | The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. |
| GO:0042995 | | cell projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. |
| GO:0051286 | | cell tip | | The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell. |
| GO:0036064 | | ciliary basal body | | A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport. |
| GO:0030863 | | cortical cytoskeleton | | The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0098592 | | cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane | | The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0005768 | | endosome | | A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
| GO:0070062 | | extracellular exosome | | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0019898 | | extrinsic component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. |
| GO:0030175 | | filopodium | | Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft. |
| GO:0005925 | | focal adhesion | | Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. |
| GO:0001772 | | immunological synapse | | An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction. |
| GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0045121 | | membrane raft | | Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. |
| GO:0044393 | | microspike | | A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell. |
| GO:0005902 | | microvillus | | Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. |
| GO:0031528 | | microvillus membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus. |
| GO:0043209 | | myelin sheath | | An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system. |
| GO:0005730 | | nucleolus | | A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0044853 | | plasma membrane raft | | A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0001726 | | ruffle | | Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. |
| GO:0032587 | | ruffle membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle. |
| GO:0001931 | | uropod | | A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively. |
| GO:0031982 | | vesicle | | Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. |