molecular function |
| GO:0031726 | | CCR1 chemokine receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR1 chemokine receptor. |
| GO:0031729 | | CCR4 chemokine receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR4 chemokine receptor. |
| GO:0031730 | | CCR5 chemokine receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR5 chemokine receptor. |
| GO:0042056 | | chemoattractant activity | | Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal. |
| GO:0008009 | | chemokine activity | | The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria. |
| GO:0046817 | | chemokine receptor antagonist activity | | Interacts with chemokine receptors to reduce the action of a chemokine. |
| GO:0042379 | | chemokine receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any chemokine receptor. |
| GO:0005125 | | cytokine activity | | Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| GO:0008201 | | heparin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. |
| GO:0004435 | | phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H(+). |
| GO:0016004 | | phospholipase activator activity | | Increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| GO:0043621 | | protein self-association | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide. |
| GO:0030298 | | receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity | | Binds to and increases the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase. |
biological process |
| GO:0007186 | | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576). |
| GO:0000165 | | MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| GO:0031584 | | activation of phospholipase D activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D. |
| GO:0007568 | | aging | | A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). |
| GO:0006816 | | calcium ion transport | | The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0007267 | | cell-cell signaling | | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. |
| GO:0006874 | | cellular calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. |
| GO:0043623 | | cellular protein complex assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell. |
| GO:0071448 | | cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group. |
| GO:0071230 | | cellular response to amino acid stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. |
| GO:0071345 | | cellular response to cytokine stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| GO:0071361 | | cellular response to ethanol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| GO:0044344 | | cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus. |
| GO:0071403 | | cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus. |
| GO:0071346 | | cellular response to interferon-gamma | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. |
| GO:0071347 | | cellular response to interleukin-1 | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| GO:0071396 | | cellular response to lipid | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. |
| GO:0071222 | | cellular response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0071315 | | cellular response to morphine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. |
| GO:0071407 | | cellular response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| GO:0071560 | | cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. |
| GO:0071356 | | cellular response to tumor necrosis factor | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
| GO:0071307 | | cellular response to vitamin K | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus. |
| GO:0070098 | | chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a chemokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0006935 | | chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| GO:0002544 | | chronic inflammatory response | | Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response. |
| GO:0002407 | | dendritic cell chemotaxis | | The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0018894 | | dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern. |
| GO:0048245 | | eosinophil chemotaxis | | The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0006887 | | exocytosis | | A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell. |
| GO:0006955 | | immune response | | Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. |
| GO:0006954 | | inflammatory response | | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0007159 | | leukocyte cell-cell adhesion | | The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. |
| GO:0031663 | | lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. |
| GO:0048247 | | lymphocyte chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0048246 | | macrophage chemotaxis | | The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0002548 | | monocyte chemotaxis | | The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0043922 | | negative regulation by host of viral transcription | | Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription. |
| GO:0045744 | | negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity. |
| GO:0070233 | | negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0060548 | | negative regulation of cell death | | Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. |
| GO:0070100 | | negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| GO:2000110 | | negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process. |
| GO:1901215 | | negative regulation of neuron death | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| GO:0045071 | | negative regulation of viral genome replication | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| GO:0042119 | | neutrophil activation | | The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. |
| GO:0030593 | | neutrophil chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. |
| GO:0050918 | | positive chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical. |
| GO:0070374 | | positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0043547 | | positive regulation of GTPase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. |
| GO:0046427 | | positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity. |
| GO:0070234 | | positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0010820 | | positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:2000406 | | positive regulation of T cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration. |
| GO:0042102 | | positive regulation of T cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0045766 | | positive regulation of angiogenesis | | Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. |
| GO:0051928 | | positive regulation of calcium ion transport | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0045785 | | positive regulation of cell adhesion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. |
| GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0033634 | | positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| GO:0031328 | | positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. |
| GO:0050679 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| GO:0031622 | | positive regulation of fever generation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0034112 | | positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. |
| GO:0050729 | | positive regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| GO:0045089 | | positive regulation of innate immune response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. |
| GO:0010759 | | positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0060754 | | positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus. |
| GO:0090026 | | positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis. |
| GO:2000503 | | positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis. |
| GO:0045666 | | positive regulation of neuron differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. |
| GO:0045672 | | positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| GO:0014068 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| GO:0042327 | | positive regulation of phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
| GO:0061098 | | positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| GO:0014911 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration. |
| GO:0048661 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| GO:0045948 | | positive regulation of translational initiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. |
| GO:0042531 | | positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| GO:0045070 | | positive regulation of viral genome replication | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication. |
| GO:0043491 | | protein kinase B signaling | | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| GO:0051262 | | protein tetramerization | | The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. |
| GO:0050863 | | regulation of T cell activation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. |
| GO:0002676 | | regulation of chronic inflammatory response | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response. |
| GO:0050796 | | regulation of insulin secretion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| GO:1901214 | | regulation of neuron death | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| GO:0014823 | | response to activity | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus. |
| GO:0009617 | | response to bacterium | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium. |
| GO:0070723 | | response to cholesterol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. |
| GO:0034097 | | response to cytokine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0043627 | | response to estrogen | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| GO:0051384 | | response to glucocorticoid | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| GO:0032868 | | response to insulin | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0032496 | | response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0031667 | | response to nutrient levels | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. |
| GO:0014070 | | response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| GO:0009651 | | response to salt stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. |
| GO:0009636 | | response to toxic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. |
| GO:0034612 | | response to tumor necrosis factor | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
| GO:0009615 | | response to virus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |