| molecular function |
| | GO:0005179 | | hormone activity | | The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process. |
| | GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| | GO:0005158 | | insulin receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor. |
| | GO:0005159 | | insulin-like growth factor receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor. |
| | GO:0002020 | | protease binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase. |
| biological process |
| | GO:0007186 | | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576). |
| | GO:0000165 | | MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| | GO:0032148 | | activation of protein kinase B activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B. |
| | GO:0006953 | | acute-phase response | | An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals. |
| | GO:0046631 | | alpha-beta T cell activation | | The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| | GO:0005975 | | carbohydrate metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. |
| | GO:0055089 | | fatty acid homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell. |
| | GO:0042593 | | glucose homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. |
| | GO:0006006 | | glucose metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. |
| | GO:0015758 | | glucose transport | | The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| | GO:0008286 | | insulin receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin. |
| | GO:0033861 | | negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity | | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. |
| | GO:0002674 | | negative regulation of acute inflammatory response | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. |
| | GO:0045922 | | negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. |
| | GO:2000252 | | negative regulation of feeding behavior | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. |
| | GO:0045818 | | negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. |
| | GO:0050995 | | negative regulation of lipid catabolic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. |
| | GO:0042177 | | negative regulation of protein catabolic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| | GO:0032460 | | negative regulation of protein oligomerization | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. |
| | GO:0050709 | | negative regulation of protein secretion | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| | GO:0045861 | | negative regulation of proteolysis | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. |
| | GO:0060266 | | negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. |
| | GO:0045740 | | positive regulation of DNA replication | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| | GO:0043410 | | positive regulation of MAPK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| | GO:0051092 | | positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
| | GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0032270 | | positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. |
| | GO:0050715 | | positive regulation of cytokine secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell. |
| | GO:0046326 | | positive regulation of glucose import | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. |
| | GO:0045725 | | positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. |
| | GO:0045821 | | positive regulation of glycolytic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. |
| | GO:0046628 | | positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. |
| | GO:0045840 | | positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. |
| | GO:0050731 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| | GO:0014068 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| | GO:0051897 | | positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. |
| | GO:1900182 | | positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
| | GO:0060267 | | positive regulation of respiratory burst | | Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. |
| | GO:0006521 | | regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids. |
| | GO:0032880 | | regulation of protein localization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
| | GO:0050708 | | regulation of protein secretion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| | GO:0022898 | | regulation of transmembrane transporter activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. |
| | GO:0042060 | | wound healing | | The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| cellular component |
| | GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| | GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| | GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |